For each of the incomplete arguments in the left column, select the corresponding missing premise from the right column that, if assumed, logically guarantees the truth of that argument's conclusion.
- Neuroscientist: Every neural pathway that exhibits high-frequency gamma oscillations undergoes long-term potentiation. The entorhinal cortex pathways activated during novel spatial navigation undergo long-term potentiation. Therefore, the entorhinal cortex pathways activated during novel spatial navigation exhibit high-frequency gamma oscillations.Any neural pathway that undergoes long-term potentiation exhibits high-frequency gamma oscillations.
- Jurisprudential Scholar: No customary maritime rule that lacks reciprocal enforcement qualifies as a valid statutory obligation. In ancient Mediterranean maritime law, the Lex Rhodia enforced shared cargo liability upon shipwreck. Therefore, the Lex Rhodia created valid statutory obligations.Any maritime practice that enforces shared cargo liability upon shipwreck qualifies as a valid statutory obligation.
- Geochemist: Mineral crusts formed in deep sub-seafloor serpentinization zones are enriched with abiogenic methane. Any geochemical deposit enriched with abiogenic methane provides an energy substrate capable of sustaining anaerobic microbial ecosystems. Thus, all mineral crusts formed in deep sub-seafloor serpentinization zones preserve biosignatures of primordial metabolic activity.Any geochemical deposit that provides an energy substrate capable of sustaining anaerobic microbial ecosystems preserves biosignatures of primordial metabolic activity.
Cevap
The neuroscientist's argument matches with the premise that all pathways undergoing long-term potentiation exhibit gamma oscillations; the legal scholar's argument matches with the premise that enforcing shared cargo liability qualifies as a valid statutory obligation; and the geochemist's argument matches with the premise that providing an anaerobic microbial energy substrate guarantees the preservation of primordial biosignatures.
Each matched premise bridges the explicit deductive gap in its respective argument. For the first argument, the premise stating that long-term potentiation implies gamma oscillations resolves the reversal gap. For the second argument, the premise connecting shared cargo liability to valid statutory obligation creates a direct deductive chain. For the third argument, the premise connecting microbial energy substrates to the preservation of primordial biosignatures closes the new-concept gap.
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Sufficient Assumption Identification across Varied Deductive Gaps
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