Archivist: Any eighteenth-century ledger rebound by the guild masters of Venice is bound in vegetable-tanned goatskin. The ledger containing the municipal maritime customs registry is bound in vegetable-tanned goatskin. Thus, the customs registry ledger was certainly rebound by the Venetian guild masters.
The flawed pattern of reasoning in the archivist’s argument is most closely paralleled by which of the following?
- AEvery guild-certified ledger in the municipal archives must undergo annual dehumidification. The maritime customs registry did not undergo annual dehumidification. Hence, the customs registry cannot be a guild-certified ledger.
- BAny antique ceramic vessel fired in a traditional wood kiln develops distinctive ash-glaze patterns. The decorative urn was not fired in a traditional wood kiln. It follows that the decorative urn will not develop distinctive ash-glaze patterns.
- Every telescope certified for deep-sky astrophotography possesses a fluorite optical element. The observatory’s primary refractor possesses a fluorite optical element. Consequently, the observatory’s primary refractor must be certified for deep-sky astrophotography.Cevap
- DMost violin bows crafted during the Romantic era utilize pernambuco wood. The soloist’s principal concert bow is made of pernambuco wood. Therefore, every bow in the soloist’s collection was crafted during the Romantic era.
- EA historic masonry bridge can support modern freight traffic only if its foundation pillars are reinforced with hydraulic lime grout. The canal bridge’s foundation pillars were reinforced with hydraulic lime grout, but subsequent mortar degradation prevented it from supporting modern freight traffic.
Cevap
The argument concluding that the observatory's primary refractor must be certified for deep-sky astrophotography because it possesses a fluorite optical element.
The correct answer perfectly mirrors the invalid logical progression of the stimulus. In both arguments, the author establishes that belonging to a specific category guarantees a particular feature (Venetian rebound → goatskin; certified telescope → fluorite element). Both arguments then identify an individual subject having that feature (the customs registry has goatskin; the observatory refractor has fluorite) and erroneously deduce that the subject must belong to the initial category (therefore, Venetian rebound; therefore, certified telescope). Both arguments conclude with absolute modal certainty (certainly / must).
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Anahtar Kavram
Parallel Flaw: Affirming the Consequent (Mistaken Reversal)
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