Examkin

Soru

Zorluk: OrtaFalse Dilemma (False Dichotomy)

Match each of the following logical arguments to the specific description of the false dilemma or overlooked alternative it contains.

  • Editorial: The mayor has vetoed the city council's proposal to increase downtown parking fees to fund public transit. It is obvious, then, that the mayor simply does not care about improving our public transportation system.Assumes that rejecting one specific method of achieving a goal demonstrates a lack of commitment to the goal itself.
  • Political Commentator: The administration's diplomatic sanctions have not forced the regime to completely dismantle its weapons program. Therefore, the sanctions are useless and we must immediately resort to military intervention.Concludes that an extreme measure is necessary merely because a less extreme measure did not achieve total success.
  • School Board Member: We must either mandate that all high school students take four years of advanced mathematics, or resign ourselves to graduating students who are completely unprepared for the modern workforce.Presumes that a particular strict policy is the only alternative to a completely disastrous outcome.
  • Financial Advisor: Since you cannot afford to put 20 percent of your income into savings every month as I recommended, you might as well not bother trying to save for retirement at all.Falsely equates the inability to achieve a maximum target with a complete inability to make meaningful progress.

Cevap

Editorial pairs with rejecting a specific method. Political Commentator pairs with extreme measure vs. partial success. School Board pairs with strict policy vs. disaster. Financial Advisor pairs with maximum target vs. no progress.
Each argument contains a False Dilemma flaw but manifests it differently. The Editorial restricts options to one specific policy or total apathy. The Commentator restricts options to total success or military action. The School Board Member restricts options to a strict mandate or total failure. The Financial Advisor restricts options to a maximum savings rate or zero savings.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the Editorial's argument
The argument assumes that without the parking fee increase, public transit won't be funded.
To identify that it equates rejecting one specific method with rejecting the overall goal.
2
Analyze the Political Commentator's argument
The argument jumps from the incomplete success of sanctions directly to military intervention.
To recognize the flaw of assuming an extreme measure is the only alternative when a less extreme one isn't perfectly successful.
3
Analyze the School Board Member's argument
The argument presents only two outcomes: four years of advanced math or total lack of workforce preparation.
To spot the presumption that a specific strict policy is the only way to avoid a disastrous outcome.
4
Analyze the Financial Advisor's argument
The argument claims that if a 20 percent savings rate isn't possible, saving anything is worthless.
To identify the false equivalence between missing a maximum target and making no progress at all.

Anahtar Kavram

False Dilemma (False Dichotomy)
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Konular

False Dilemma (False Dichotomy)

Bu konudan daha fazla soru