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Zorluk: KolayExplicit Detail and Information Retrieval

Until the discovery of hydrothermal vents in 1977 along the Galápagos Rift, marine biologists operated under the assumption that virtually all oceanic life ultimately derived its metabolic energy from solar radiation via photosynthetic primary producers. The hydrothermal vent communities, thriving at depths exceeding two thousand meters in complete darkness, upended this paradigm. At these abyssal rifts, tectonic activity expels mineral-rich fluids superheated to over three hundred degrees Celsius, laden with hydrogen sulfide. The primary producers anchoring these ecosystems are not plants or algae, but chemolithoautotrophic bacteria capable of oxidizing hydrogen sulfide to synthesize organic carbon compounds from dissolved carbon dioxide.

Among the most specialized fauna inhabiting these environments is the giant tube worm, Riftia pachyptila. Adult specimens of Riftia lack a mouth, gut, and digestive tract entirely, possessing neither the anatomical apparatus to ingest particulate organic matter nor the ability to filter feed. Instead, the worm derives its nutritional sustenance from billions of endosymbiotic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria housed within a specialized, highly vascularized internal organ termed the trophosome. To supply these endosymbionts with the chemical reactants necessary for chemosynthesis, Riftia utilizes a bright red, plume-like branchial organ that absorbs hydrogen sulfide, oxygen, and carbon dioxide directly from the surrounding seawater. The worm's unique hemoglobin molecules bind both oxygen and toxic hydrogen sulfide simultaneously with high affinity, transporting these dissolved gases through the closed circulatory system to the trophosome without sulfide poisoning the worm's cellular respiration.

Based on the passage, which of the following is an explicit characteristic of adult Riftia pachyptila specimens?

  1. A
    They utilize their plume-like branchial organs to capture and ingest suspended particulate food matter from surrounding seawater.
  2. They rely on internal sulfur-oxidizing bacteria housed inside a specialized organ to obtain their nutritional sustenance.Cevap
  3. C
    They possess a simplified digestive tract designed to process organic carbon produced by photosynthetic algae.
  4. D
    They reproduce primarily through asexual budding along the mineral chimneys formed by hydrothermal fluid discharges.
  5. E
    They synthesize organic carbon compounds independently without reliance on endosymbiotic microorganisms.

Cevap

Adult Riftia pachyptila rely on internal sulfur-oxidizing bacteria housed inside a specialized organ to obtain their nutritional sustenance.
The correct option is directly supported by the second paragraph, which explicitly states that adult Riftia pachyptila lack digestive tracts and instead derive their nutritional sustenance from endosymbiotic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria harbored within a specialized internal organ known as the trophosome.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the target keyword and entity in the question stem.
The question asks for an explicit anatomical or physiological characteristic of adult Riftia pachyptila.
Locating the specific discussion of adult Riftia in the second paragraph narrows the search area.
2
Scan the passage for explicit statements regarding how adult Riftia function and obtain nutrition.
The second paragraph explicitly notes that adult specimens lack a digestive tract and 'derive nutritional sustenance from billions of endosymbiotic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria housed within a specialized, highly vascularized internal organ termed the trophosome.'
Explicit detail questions on the LSAT require direct textual support without unstated logical extrapolations.
3
Compare the retrieved textual fact against the candidate choices to find an accurate paraphrase.
The choice stating that the worms rely on internal sulfur-oxidizing bacteria housed inside a specialized organ directly matches the text.
The correct response precisely mirrors the explicit factual statement in the passage.

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Explicit Detail and Information Retrieval
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Explicit Detail and Information Retrieval

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