According to the newly ratified International Maritime Treaty, a sovereign vessel is permitted to navigate through the restricted ecological zone only if it possesses a valid ecological waiver or operates exclusively on electric power.
Which one of the following statements can be logically inferred from the treaty regulations above?
- AAny sovereign vessel that possesses a valid ecological waiver or operates exclusively on electric power is permitted to navigate through the restricted ecological zone.
- Any sovereign vessel that neither possesses a valid ecological waiver nor operates exclusively on electric power is prohibited from navigating through the restricted ecological zone.Cevap
- CAny sovereign vessel that is prohibited from navigating through the restricted ecological zone must lack a valid ecological waiver and fail to operate exclusively on electric power.
- DAny sovereign vessel that lacks a valid ecological waiver or fails to operate exclusively on electric power is prohibited from navigating through the restricted ecological zone.
- EAny sovereign vessel that operates exclusively on electric power is automatically granted a valid ecological waiver.
Cevap
The logically valid inference is that a vessel lacking both a valid ecological waiver and electric power cannot navigate the restricted zone.
The correct answer accurately applies De Morgan's laws to form a valid contrapositive. The stimulus dictates that permission to navigate requires at least one of two things: a waiver OR electric power. Therefore, if a vessel lacks BOTH (neither a waiver nor electric power), it has failed the necessary condition and must be prohibited from navigating.
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Anahtar Kavram
Forming compound contrapositives using De Morgan's laws (negating 'OR' into 'AND').