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Any deep-sea cephalopod that inhabits the abyssal zone relies on bioluminescence for camouflage. Most deep-sea cephalopods that rely on bioluminescence for camouflage have specialized photophore organs. However, no deep-sea cephalopod with specialized photophore organs is a filter feeder. Yet, it is documented that some deep-sea cephalopods that inhabit the abyssal zone are filter feeders.

Which one of the following statements must be true on the basis of the information above?

  1. Some deep-sea cephalopods that rely on bioluminescence for camouflage do not have specialized photophore organs.Cevap
  2. B
    Most deep-sea cephalopods that inhabit the abyssal zone have specialized photophore organs.
  3. C
    Any deep-sea cephalopod that does not have specialized photophore organs is a filter feeder.
  4. D
    Most deep-sea cephalopods with specialized photophore organs rely on bioluminescence for camouflage.
  5. E
    Filter-feeding deep-sea cephalopods generally inhabit ocean zones other than the abyssal zone.

Cevap

The correct statement is that some deep-sea cephalopods that rely on bioluminescence for camouflage do not have specialized photophore organs.
The stimulus establishes that some abyssal zone cephalopods are filter feeders. Because all abyssal zone cephalopods rely on bioluminescence, it must be true that some filter feeders rely on bioluminescence. We are also told that no cephalopod with specialized photophore organs is a filter feeder, meaning that all filter feeders lack these organs. Therefore, the specific filter feeders that rely on bioluminescence cannot have specialized photophore organs, mathematically guaranteeing that some cephalopods relying on bioluminescence lack these organs.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the relationship between abyssal zone inhabitants and filter feeders.
The stimulus states that some abyssal zone cephalopods are filter feeders.
This establishes a specific sub-group of cephalopods that possess two traits: inhabiting the abyssal zone and being filter feeders.
2
Chain this sub-group to the rule regarding bioluminescence.
Since all abyssal zone cephalopods rely on bioluminescence, the filter-feeding abyssal cephalopods must also rely on bioluminescence.
This proves the existence of cephalopods that are both filter feeders and rely on bioluminescence.
3
Apply the conditional rule regarding photophore organs.
The stimulus states that no cephalopod with photophore organs is a filter feeder, meaning that all filter feeders completely lack photophore organs.
This forms the contrapositive of the 'no' statement provided in the text.
4
Synthesize the deductions.
The filter feeders that rely on bioluminescence must lack photophore organs, proving that some cephalopods relying on bioluminescence lack them.
Combining the overlapping traits guarantees that at least some members of the larger group (bioluminescent-reliant) lack the organs.

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