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Zorluk: KolayApplying the Negation Technique

The city's transportation department plans to lower the speed limit on Highway 101 from 65 mph to 55 mph in order to reduce the number of accidents. This plan will achieve its goal, since driving at lower speeds provides drivers with more time to react to sudden hazards on the road.

Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument?

  1. At least some drivers on Highway 101 will reduce their speed to comply with the new speed limit.Cevap
  2. B
    Lowering the speed limit is the most effective method for reducing accidents on Highway 101.
  3. C
    All accidents on Highway 101 are caused by drivers who do not have enough time to react to hazards.
  4. D
    Decreasing the speed limit to 55 mph will completely eliminate accidents on Highway 101.
  5. E
    Most drivers on Highway 101 currently drive at speeds exceeding 65 mph.

Cevap

The argument requires the assumption that at least some drivers will actually reduce their speed in response to the new limit.
The correct answer logically bridges the gap between changing a rule and actual real-world behavior. By applying the Negation Technique, we can test this: if we logically negate the statement to 'No drivers on Highway 101 will reduce their speed to comply with the new speed limit,' the argument's reasoning entirely falls apart. If speeds do not decrease, the drivers will not gain the extra reaction time the author explicitly relies upon, meaning the plan cannot achieve its goal. Because the argument cannot survive if this statement is false, it is a strictly required necessary assumption.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the core argument structure.
Premise: Driving at lower speeds gives more reaction time. Conclusion: Lowering the limit will reduce accidents.
Understanding the core premise and conclusion is strictly required before finding the missing logical link.
2
Spot the gap between the plan and the expected result.
The argument assumes that changing the legal limit on a sign will actually result in drivers lowering their physical driving speeds.
If the legal regulation does not alter real-world driver behavior, the premise about 'driving at lower speeds' becomes irrelevant.
3
Apply the Negation Technique to the correct option to verify.
Negating the correct option yields: 'No drivers will reduce their speed.' If true, no one gets more reaction time, and accidents will not be reduced. The argument collapses.
The Negation Technique is the definitive test for Necessary Assumption questions.

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Applying the Negation Technique to test Necessary Assumptions
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Applying the Negation Technique

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