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Zorluk: OrtaMust Be True Questions

Every medication approved for pediatric use by the central health board has undergone long-term safety trials. Furthermore, no experimental therapy currently in Phase 3 testing has been subsidized by the national government. Interestingly, some medications approved for pediatric use by the central health board are experimental therapies currently in Phase 3 testing.

If all of the statements above are true, which one of the following must also be true?

  1. At least some medications that have undergone long-term safety trials have not been subsidized by the national government.Cevap
  2. B
    Most experimental therapies currently in Phase 3 testing have undergone long-term safety trials.
  3. C
    Any medication that has undergone long-term safety trials has been approved for pediatric use by the central health board.
  4. D
    Experimental therapies currently in Phase 3 testing will eventually be subsidized by the national government once they undergo long-term safety trials.
  5. E
    Medications that are not approved for pediatric use by the central health board have not undergone long-term safety trials.

Cevap

At least some medications that have undergone long-term safety trials have not been subsidized by the national government.
The correct answer properly chains the established relationships. We know there is an overlap between pediatric medications and Phase 3 experimental therapies. Because all pediatric medications undergo long-term safety trials, this overlapping group must also have undergone long-term safety trials. Furthermore, because no Phase 3 therapies are subsidized, this overlapping group cannot be subsidized. Therefore, there exists at least some group of medications (the overlapping group) that have undergone long-term safety trials but are not subsidized.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Map the formal logic and conditional statements in the stimulus.
Pediatric Approval (PA) → Long-Term Trials (LTT). Phase 3 (P3) → NOT Subsidized (~SUB). PA 'some' P3.
Mapping the premises clearly separates the established relationships from potential assumptions.
2
Combine the 'some' statement with the absolute conditional statements.
Since PA 'some' P3, and PA → LTT, we can deduce that LTT 'some' P3 (some medications with long-term trials are in Phase 3).
If an entity has characteristic A and characteristic B, and all A's are C's, then that entity must also be a C that has characteristic B.
3
Apply the remaining absolute conditional to the new deduction.
Since LTT 'some' P3, and all P3 → ~SUB, it must logically follow that LTT 'some' ~SUB.
Any entity that is both LTT and P3 is subject to the rule governing P3. Since nothing in P3 is subsidized, those specific LTT entities are not subsidized.

Anahtar Kavram

Chaining intersecting quantifiers with conditional rules to deduce a 'some' statement.
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