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Zorluk: ZorNecessary Assumption

Sociologist: Analysts argue that corporate "right to disconnect" policies cause employee anxiety by compressing workloads into fewer hours. They cite a survey showing employees at companies with these policies report significantly higher anxiety than those at companies without them. These analysts are mistaken. The survey data reveals these policies were adopted almost exclusively by companies in the notoriously high-stress financial sector. Therefore, the elevated anxiety levels reported by employees subject to these policies are attributable to the demanding nature of their industry, not to the policies themselves.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the sociologist's argument depends?

  1. The "right to disconnect" policies do not independently exacerbate the anxiety experienced by the financial sector employees surveyed.Cevap
  2. B
    The inherent demands of the financial sector guarantee higher employee anxiety levels regardless of any internal communication policies.
  3. C
    Employees in corporate sectors outside of finance who are subject to similar policies do not report elevated levels of anxiety.
  4. D
    Compressing a standard corporate workload into fewer hours does not generally result in increased anxiety for employees.
  5. E
    The survey cited by the analysts inaccurately measured the baseline anxiety levels of employees at companies without the policies.

Cevap

The statement that the 'right to disconnect' policies do not independently exacerbate the anxiety experienced by the financial sector employees surveyed.
The author concludes that the higher anxiety is caused by the industry and NOT the policies. For this causal conclusion to hold, the author must assume that the policies themselves are not contributing to the problem. If we negate this assumption (i.e., imagine that the policies DO independently exacerbate the anxiety), then the higher anxiety levels would be at least partially attributable to the policies. This would completely destroy the author's conclusion, confirming that the statement is a logically necessary assumption.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the main conclusion of the argument.
The conclusion is that the elevated anxiety levels reported in the survey are attributable to the demanding nature of the financial industry, not to the communication policies.
Evaluating an assumption requires knowing exactly what claim the author is attempting to prove.
2
Identify the premise used to support the conclusion.
The primary premise is that the companies with these policies in the survey are almost exclusively in the high-stress financial sector.
Understanding the evidence reveals the logical gap between what is stated and what is concluded.
3
Analyze the logical gap (the flaw in the reasoning).
The author assumes that because an alternative cause (the high-stress industry) is present, the original proposed cause (the policies) must have absolutely no effect.
Just because the industry is high-stress does not automatically mean the policies couldn't be making the anxiety even worse.
4
Apply the Negation Test to the choices to find the necessary assumption.
Negating the correct choice yields: 'The policies DO independently exacerbate the anxiety.' This directly falsifies the conclusion that the policies are not to blame, proving it is a necessary assumption.
The Negation Test is the definitive logical tool for isolating an assumption upon which an argument depends.

Anahtar Kavram

Identifying Defender Assumptions in Causal Arguments
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Konular

Necessary Assumption

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