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Zorluk: ZorMust Be True / Most Strongly Supported

Under the Orbital Spaceflight Authority's safety regulations, any commercial satellite operator granted a low-Earth orbit constellation license is required to equip every deployed operational unit with an autonomous collision-avoidance thruster. An autonomous collision-avoidance thruster is approved for operational deployment only if it has passed cryogenic propellant validation. Furthermore, no propulsion mechanism that passes cryogenic propellant validation relies on single-phase chemical ignition. Last year, the Orbital Dynamics Consortium was granted a low-Earth orbit constellation license, and several of its proprietary propulsion units relied on single-phase chemical ignition.

If the statements above are true, which one of the following must be true?

  1. A
    Any propulsion mechanism developed by the Orbital Dynamics Consortium that does not rely on single-phase chemical ignition is approved for operational deployment as an autonomous collision-avoidance thruster.
  2. B
    The Orbital Dynamics Consortium will be unable to deploy any operational units under its low-Earth orbit constellation license.
  3. None of the Orbital Dynamics Consortium’s proprietary propulsion units that rely on single-phase chemical ignition are approved for operational deployment as autonomous collision-avoidance thrusters.Cevap
  4. D
    Passing cryogenic propellant validation is sufficient to guarantee that an autonomous collision-avoidance thruster will be approved for operational deployment.
  5. E
    The Orbital Dynamics Consortium was granted a low-Earth orbit constellation license primarily because of the safety features of its proprietary propulsion units.

Cevap

None of the Orbital Dynamics Consortium’s proprietary propulsion units that rely on single-phase chemical ignition are approved for operational deployment as autonomous collision-avoidance thrusters.
The stimulus establishes a conditional chain: an autonomous collision-avoidance thruster receives approval for operational deployment only if it has passed cryogenic propellant validation, and any unit passing this validation cannot rely on single-phase chemical ignition (Approved -> Cryogenic Validation -> No Chemical Ignition). The contrapositive establishes that any unit relying on single-phase chemical ignition did not pass cryogenic validation and therefore cannot be approved for operational deployment as an autonomous collision-avoidance thruster (Chemical Ignition -> No Cryogenic Validation -> Not Approved). Thus, for the consortium's units that rely on single-phase chemical ignition, none can be approved.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Map the conditional statements from the stimulus into formal logical relationships.
Approved Autonomous Thruster -> Passed Cryogenic Validation -> Does NOT Rely on Single-Phase Chemical Ignition.
Establishing the chain of necessary conditions allows for rigorous deduction across multiple premises.
2
Derive the contrapositive of the full conditional chain.
Relies on Single-Phase Chemical Ignition -> Failed/Did Not Pass Cryogenic Validation -> NOT Approved for Operational Deployment as an Autonomous Collision-Avoidance Thruster.
The contrapositive of any valid conditional chain is logically equivalent to the original chain.
3
Apply the factual premises regarding the Orbital Dynamics Consortium to the deduced contrapositive.
Since several proprietary propulsion units rely on single-phase chemical ignition, none of those specific units can be approved for operational deployment as autonomous collision-avoidance thrusters.
Direct instantiation of a known fact into a valid contrapositive guarantees the truth of the conclusion.

Anahtar Kavram

Conditional Logic Chaining and Contrapositive Deduction
Tahmini Süre:1m 45s
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Must Be True / Most Strongly Supported

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