Examkin

Soru

Zorluk: ZorChaining Conditional Statements

The ancient settlement discovered in the valley will be fully excavated only if the university secures the international heritage grant. The university, however, will not secure this grant unless the settlement's historical significance is definitively confirmed by a panel of independent experts. If the settlement's historical significance is definitively confirmed by such a panel, the local government will restrict commercial development in the surrounding region. Finally, the local government will restrict commercial development in the surrounding region only if public opinion strongly favors preservation.

Which of the following logically follows from the statements above?

  1. A
    Securing the international heritage grant is sufficient to ensure that the ancient settlement will be fully excavated.
  2. B
    If the ancient settlement is not fully excavated, then the local government will not restrict commercial development in the surrounding region.
  3. If public opinion does not strongly favor preservation, the ancient settlement will not be fully excavated.Cevap
  4. D
    Unless the university secures the international heritage grant, the archaeological artifacts at the site will deteriorate rapidly.
  5. E
    If the local government restricts commercial development in the surrounding region, the university must have secured the international heritage grant.

Cevap

If public opinion does not strongly favor preservation, the ancient settlement will not be fully excavated.
By diagramming and chaining the conditional statements provided in the stimulus, we get: Fully Excavated -> Secures Grant -> Significance Confirmed -> Restricts Development -> Public Opinion Favors Preservation. The contrapositive of this entire chain is: If Public Opinion does NOT favor preservation, then the settlement will NOT be fully excavated. The correct answer matches this contrapositive deduction exactly.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the first conditional relationship.
Fully Excavated -> Secures Grant
The phrase 'only if' introduces a necessary condition.
2
Identify the second conditional relationship.
Secures Grant -> Significance Confirmed
The phrase 'not... unless' translates logically to 'if... then'.
3
Identify the third conditional relationship.
Significance Confirmed -> Restricts Development
Standard 'if... then' construction.
4
Identify the fourth conditional relationship.
Restricts Development -> Public Opinion Favors Preservation
The phrase 'only if' introduces a necessary condition.
5
Chain the conditional statements together.
Fully Excavated -> Secures Grant -> Significance Confirmed -> Restricts Development -> Public Opinion Favors Preservation
The necessary condition of one statement matches the sufficient condition of the next.
6
Determine the contrapositive of the full chain.
Not Public Opinion Favors Preservation -> Not Restricts Development -> Not Significance Confirmed -> Not Secures Grant -> Not Fully Excavated
Valid deductions can be drawn by negating and reversing the entire conditional chain.
7
Evaluate the options against the derived chain and its contrapositive.
The correct answer links the negated end of the chain to the negated beginning of the chain.
This represents a logically valid Must Be True inference.

Anahtar Kavram

Chaining Conditional Statements and Forming Contrapositives
Bu soruyu puanla

Konular

Chaining Conditional Statements

Bu konudan daha fazla soru