The author of the passage develops their argument regarding cognitive ethology by deploying several distinct rhetorical moves. Based on the passage's logical structure, arrange the following argumentative strategies in the chronological order in which they are introduced.
- 1Outlining an established scientific paradigm that historically dismissed the necessity of attributing internal mental states to subjects.
- 2Introducing specific empirical observations of problem-solving that are difficult to account for under the orthodox methodology.
- 3Advocating for the adoption of a novel interpretive framework designed to accommodate anomalous data.
- 4Preempting and addressing a methodological objection regarding the risk of projecting human characteristics onto non-human subjects.
Cevap
The argument proceeds by first outlining the established paradigm, followed by introducing anomalous empirical observations, then advocating for a novel interpretive framework, and finally preempting a methodological objection.
The logical structure of the argument follows a classic paradigm-shift model: it starts by outlining the orthodox view, introduces anomalous evidence that the orthodoxy cannot explain, proposes a new framework to account for the anomalies, and concludes by defending the new framework against anticipated criticism.
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Anahtar Kavram
Chronological progression of argumentative strategies