Examkin

Soru

Zorluk: OrtaMust Be True / Most Strongly Supported

The Silver Basin Ecological Reserve applies strict conservation protocols to all newly restored wetland plots:

• Every wetland plot designated as an active waterfowl habitat receives supplemental aeration during the dry season.
• Any wetland plot that receives supplemental aeration during the dry season is planted exclusively with native emergent reeds.
• No wetland plot planted exclusively with native emergent reeds is treated with synthetic nitrogen fertilizers.
• Last year, Plot 7 and Plot 12 were both designated as active waterfowl habitats, whereas Plot 4 was treated with synthetic nitrogen fertilizers.

If the statements above are true, which of the following statements must also be true? (Select all that apply)

  1. Plot 7 was planted exclusively with native emergent reeds.Cevap
  2. B
    Any wetland plot in the reserve that was not treated with synthetic nitrogen fertilizers last year received supplemental aeration during the dry season.
  3. Plot 4 was not designated as an active waterfowl habitat last year.Cevap
  4. D
    Every wetland plot in the reserve that was planted exclusively with native emergent reeds was designated as an active waterfowl habitat.
  5. E
    Plot 12 received applications of organic composting fertilizers during the dry season.

Cevap

The statements establishing that Plot 7 was planted exclusively with native emergent reeds and that Plot 4 was not designated as an active waterfowl habitat must both be true.
The stimulus establishes a strict conditional chain: Active Waterfowl Habitat → Supplemental Aeration → Native Emergent Reeds → No Synthetic Nitrogen Fertilizer. Because Plot 7 was designated as an active waterfowl habitat, following the chain forward guarantees that it was planted exclusively with native emergent reeds. Through contrapositive reasoning (Synthetic Nitrogen Fertilizer → No Native Emergent Reeds → No Supplemental Aeration → Not Active Waterfowl Habitat), the fact that Plot 4 received synthetic nitrogen fertilizers guarantees that it was not designated as an active waterfowl habitat.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Diagram the conditional chain from the general rules in the stimulus.
Active Waterfowl Habitat → Supplemental Aeration → Native Emergent Reeds → No Synthetic Nitrogen Fertilizer. The contrapositive is: Synthetic Nitrogen Fertilizer → Not Native Emergent Reeds → No Supplemental Aeration → Not Active Waterfowl Habitat.
Establishing the directional conditional logic is necessary to identify valid forward deductions and contrapositives.
2
Apply the specific facts provided for Plot 7 and Plot 4 to the conditional relationships.
Plot 7 satisfies the sufficient condition of being an active waterfowl habitat, which guarantees that it received aeration, was planted with native emergent reeds, and received no synthetic fertilizer. Plot 4 satisfies the condition of receiving synthetic nitrogen fertilizer, which by contrapositive guarantees it was not planted with native reeds, did not receive aeration, and was not an active waterfowl habitat.
Directly testing factual premises against the chain reveals which claims are logically guaranteed.
3
Evaluate the remaining options for logical fallacies.
Claims asserting that non-fertilized plots must receive aeration, that all reed-planted plots must be waterfowl habitats, or that Plot 12 used organic fertilizers are invalid due to conditional reversal, unwarranted extreme scope, and unaddressed information.
Eliminating invalid deductions confirms the exact set of statements that must be true.

Anahtar Kavram

Deductive Conditional Chaining and Contrapositive Inference
Tahmini Süre:1m 30s
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Konular

Must Be True / Most Strongly Supported

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