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Zorluk: ZorNecessary Assumption

City Planner: To reduce traffic congestion in our downtown area, we must implement a new zoning policy that restricts the construction of new commercial office buildings exclusively to the city's periphery. Since the majority of downtown traffic is generated by commuters traveling to and from office buildings, limiting new offices downtown will naturally halt the increase in traffic. Furthermore, this policy will eventually lead to a significant reduction in overall downtown traffic as older downtown office buildings are repurposed for other uses.

Which of the following are necessary assumptions on which the city planner's argument depends? (Select all that apply)

  1. The repurposing of older downtown office buildings will not result in new venues that attract significantly more vehicle traffic than those buildings did when functioning as offices.Cevap
  2. B
    All new commercial development on the city's periphery will be served by high-capacity public transit systems to prevent traffic from simply shifting locations.
  3. C
    Commuter traffic traveling to and from commercial office buildings is the sole cause of traffic congestion in the downtown area.
  4. The volume of downtown traffic generated by non-office destinations will not increase at a rate that completely offsets the reductions gained by restricting new office construction.Cevap
  5. E
    Commuters who currently drive to downtown office buildings will switch to public transportation when their offices relocate to the periphery.

Cevap

The correct answers are the options stating that repurposed buildings will not attract significantly more traffic than the original offices, and that non-office traffic will not increase enough to offset the reductions.
Both correct options pass the Negation Technique. If repurposed buildings attract significantly more traffic than the original offices, the argument's prediction of a traffic reduction fails. Similarly, if non-office traffic increases enough to offset the office traffic reductions, the prediction that traffic increases will halt is invalidated. Therefore, the argument logically depends on both of these defensive assumptions.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the main conclusion of the argument.
The conclusion is twofold: limiting new offices downtown will halt the increase in traffic, and repurposing older buildings will eventually lead to a significant reduction in traffic.
Understanding the exact scope of the conclusion is required to identify what must be assumed for it to hold.
2
Identify the premises supporting this conclusion.
The premises are that most downtown traffic comes from office commuters, and the new policy restricts new offices to the periphery.
Assumptions bridge the gap between premises and the conclusion, or defend the argument against potential vulnerabilities.
3
Apply the Negation Technique to evaluate candidate assumptions.
Logically negate each choice. If the negated version destroys the argument, the original statement is a necessary assumption.
The Negation Technique is the definitive test for necessary assumption questions.

Anahtar Kavram

Identifying necessary assumptions using the Negation Technique to defend against alternate causes or counterproductive outcomes.
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Konular

Necessary Assumption

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