Under the regional Maritime Safety and Emissions Accord, any commercial cargo vessel operating within the coastal protection zone that uses heavy fuel oil must be equipped with an exhaust gas cleaning system. Furthermore, no commercial cargo vessel equipped with an exhaust gas cleaning system is permitted to discharge washwater within the coastal protection zone unless it holds a certified closed-loop filtration permit. Last month, the commercial cargo vessel Ariadne operated within the coastal protection zone and discharged washwater in that zone without holding a certified closed-loop filtration permit.
If the statements above are true, which one of the following must be true on the basis of them?
- AAny commercial cargo vessel that operates in the coastal protection zone without using heavy fuel oil is permitted to discharge washwater in that zone without a certified closed-loop filtration permit.
- BNo commercial cargo vessel operating within the coastal protection zone is permitted to use heavy fuel oil under any circumstances.
- The Ariadne did not use heavy fuel oil while operating within the coastal protection zone last month.Cevap
- DThe Ariadne was cited and fined by regional maritime authorities for violating emissions standards last month.
- EBeing equipped with an exhaust gas cleaning system is sufficient to guarantee that a vessel has obtained a certified closed-loop filtration permit.
Cevap
The Ariadne did not use heavy fuel oil while operating within the coastal protection zone last month.
The deduction follows strictly through consecutive contrapositives: discharging washwater in the coastal zone without the certified permit establishes that the Ariadne lacked an exhaust gas cleaning system. Operating in the coastal zone without this system guarantees that the vessel could not have used heavy fuel oil during that operation.
Adım Adım Çözüm
Anahtar Kavram
Deductive Conditional Chaining and Contraposition
Tahmini Süre:1m 15s