Soru

Historically, common-law courts treated residential leases strictly as conveyances of an interest in land rather than as bilateral contracts. Under the traditional doctrine of caveat emptor ('let the buyer beware'), landlords held no implied obligation to maintain premises in a tenantable condition; tenants assumed the risk of structural defects unless an express covenant specified otherwise. However, mid-twentieth-century urban industrialization fundamentally altered the social realities of tenancy. Urban tenants, unlike agrarian leaseholders who possessed the skills and land access to perform structural repairs, occupied high-density, multi-unit dwellings dependent upon centralized plumbing, heating, and electrical infrastructure beyond their physical reach or legal authority to modify. Recognizing this asymmetry, appellate courts increasingly imported principles from modern contract law, ultimately formulating the implied warranty of habitability. This legal shift not only relieved urban tenants of the unilateral burden of structural upkeep but also conditioned their contractual obligation to pay rent upon the landlord's ongoing maintenance of baseline sanitary and safety standards.

Based on the passage, which of the following statements about residential tenancy doctrines are logically supported by the text? Select all that apply.