Match each argumentative scenario with the universal principle that, if valid, most helps to logically justify its conclusion.
- The proposed tax on sugary beverages is designed to improve public health, but it will disproportionately burden low-income families. Therefore, the city council should vote against it.Lawmakers ought to oppose any legislation that places an unequal financial strain on economically disadvantaged demographics, even if it is intended to achieve a positive social outcome.
- Dr. Lin’s study yielded groundbreaking insights into human behavior, yet it relies on subjects who were kept ignorant of the study's true purpose. Consequently, the study should be denied publication.Scholarly journals must refuse to disseminate any research that involves deceiving participants about the nature of the research, regardless of the scientific value of the findings.
- The new highway expansion will dramatically reduce traffic congestion for commuters. However, it will destroy a significant portion of the local wetlands. Thus, the state must halt the project.An infrastructure project should not proceed if it causes substantial harm to ecologically sensitive habitats, even if the project promises significant practical benefits for the public.
- Company X discovered a software flaw that could theoretically allow data access. Although no access occurred and it is now patched, Company X is obligated to notify all users.A corporation has a duty to inform its customers about any past vulnerabilities that might have compromised information, regardless of whether actual harm was realized or the issue is resolved.
Cevap
Each argumentative scenario is correctly paired with the principle that abstractly formulates a conditional rule sufficient to guarantee the scenario's conclusion.
Each correctly matched principle acts as a sufficient assumption (If Premise -> Then Conclusion) that logically guarantees the conclusion of its corresponding scenario. The principles abstract the specific details (e.g., 'sugary beverage tax' becomes 'legislation', 'wetlands' becomes 'ecologically sensitive habitats') while maintaining the precise logical relationship required to prove the conclusion.
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Anahtar Kavram
Principle - Justify: Identifying sufficient conditional rules that bridge the gap between factual premises and normative conclusions.