Examkin

Soru

Zorluk: KolayPhysiological Adaptation

The nurse is reviewing the health records of several clients to determine their risk for acid-base imbalances. Which of the following conditions place a client at high risk for developing respiratory acidosis? Select all that apply.

  1. An overdose of an opioid analgesicCevap
  2. B
    A severe panic attack with hyperventilation
  3. C
    Continuous nasogastric tube suctioning
  4. An exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)Cevap
  5. E
    Frequent, severe diarrhea for three days

Cevap

The conditions that place a client at risk for respiratory acidosis are an overdose of an opioid analgesic and an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Respiratory acidosis occurs when there is a decrease in the rate or efficiency of respiration (hypoventilation), leading to an accumulation of carbon dioxide in the blood. An overdose of an opioid analgesic depresses the central respiratory drive, while an exacerbation of COPD involves airway obstruction and air trapping. Both conditions prevent the adequate exhalation of carbon dioxide, directly causing respiratory acidosis.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the defining mechanism of respiratory acidosis.
Respiratory acidosis is caused by hypoventilation and the retention of carbon dioxide (CO2).
Understanding the underlying pathophysiology is essential for identifying contributing clinical conditions.
2
Evaluate each condition for its effect on ventilation and CO2 elimination.
Opioid overdoses depress the respiratory center, and COPD obstructs expiratory airflow; both conditions lead directly to CO2 retention.
Conditions that decrease respiratory rate or obstruct airflow prevent the lungs from adequately clearing carbon dioxide.
3
Differentiate the incorrect options by identifying their corresponding acid-base imbalances.
Hyperventilation causes respiratory alkalosis. Nasogastric suctioning causes metabolic alkalosis. Diarrhea causes metabolic acidosis.
Eliminating distractors confirms that only the conditions causing hypoventilation lead to respiratory acidosis.

Anahtar Kavram

Respiratory Acidosis Etiology
Bu soruyu puanla

Konular

Physiological Adaptation

Bu konudan daha fazla soru