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Zorluk: ZorHealth Promotion and Disease Prevention

A nurse in an ambulatory care clinic is designing a health promotion plan for a 50-year-old male client. The client has a body mass index (BMI) of 31 kg/m231 \text{ kg/m}^2 and a strong family history of cardiovascular disease. His medical history is significant only for osteoarthritis of the right knee resulting from a remote sports injury. Which of the following nursing interventions represent secondary prevention strategies for this client? (Select all that apply.)

  1. Obtaining a blood sample to evaluate the client's fasting hemoglobin A1c and lipid profileCevap
  2. B
    Administering the annual inactivated influenza vaccine prior to the winter viral season
  3. Distributing a fecal immunochemical test (FIT) kit for the client to complete at homeCevap
  4. D
    Counseling the client on dietary strategies to reduce daily sodium and saturated fat intake
  5. E
    Facilitating a referral to physical therapy for the management of chronic knee osteoarthritis
  6. Administering a Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) to assess for signs of clinical depressionCevap

Cevap

The correct secondary prevention strategies are obtaining a fasting hemoglobin A1c and lipid profile, distributing a FIT kit, and administering a PHQ-9 depression screening.
Secondary prevention focuses on the early detection and prompt treatment of health problems in individuals who are largely asymptomatic but at risk. Evaluating fasting hemoglobin A1c and lipid profiles, distributing a fecal immunochemical test (FIT) kit for colorectal cancer screening, and administering a PHQ-9 for depression are all diagnostic screening tools. They aim to identify underlying pathophysiological changes or psychological distress early, allowing for intervention before irreversible damage or severe symptoms develop.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Recall the definition of secondary prevention.
Secondary prevention focuses on the early detection (screening) and prompt intervention of a disease before clinical symptoms manifest.
Accurately classifying interventions requires a clear understanding of the epidemiological framework of disease prevention.
2
Evaluate each nursing intervention to determine if it acts as a screening or early detection tool.
Screening blood work (A1c, lipids), FIT kits for colorectal screening, and the PHQ-9 questionnaire are all designed to detect asymptomatic or early-stage disease.
These interventions fit the precise definition of secondary prevention.
3
Identify and exclude primary and tertiary prevention strategies.
Vaccinations and dietary counseling aim to prevent disease onset altogether (primary prevention). Physical therapy aims to manage a known, existing diagnosis of osteoarthritis (tertiary prevention).
These options represent different levels of care and do not answer the question.

Anahtar Kavram

Levels of Disease Prevention (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary)
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Konular

Health Promotion and Disease Prevention

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