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Zorluk: KolayPhysiological Adaptation

A nurse is evaluating a client who has experienced severe, persistent vomiting for the past three days. Which of the following acid-base imbalances should the nurse anticipate as a direct physiological consequence of this condition?

  1. Metabolic alkalosisCevap
  2. B
    Metabolic acidosis
  3. C
    Respiratory alkalosis
  4. D
    Respiratory acidosis

Cevap

Metabolic alkalosis
The correct answer identifies that gastric fluids are highly acidic. When a client experiences prolonged vomiting, they lose large amounts of hydrogen ions (hydrochloric acid). The depletion of this acid leads to a proportional increase in bicarbonate in the extracellular fluid, resulting in a state of metabolic alkalosis.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the client's primary symptom.
The client has been experiencing severe, persistent vomiting.
Identifying the method of fluid loss determines which electrolytes or acids/bases are being depleted.
2
Determine the physiological composition of the lost fluid.
Gastric secretions contain high concentrations of hydrochloric acid (HCl).
Understanding what is lost helps predict the resulting systemic imbalance.
3
Correlate the fluid loss with the corresponding acid-base imbalance.
The loss of significant amounts of acid leaves the body with a relative excess of bicarbonate, causing an elevated pH.
Losing acid from the gastrointestinal tract directly leads to a metabolic acid-base shift, specifically metabolic alkalosis.

Anahtar Kavram

Acid-Base Imbalances from Gastrointestinal Losses
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Konular

Physiological Adaptation

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