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Zorluk: KolayPhysiological Adaptation

During a morning assessment, a nurse evaluates a client who has been suffering from frequent, severe vomiting for the past 48 hours. Which of the following acid-base imbalances is the client at greatest risk for developing as a direct result of this fluid loss?

  1. Metabolic alkalosisCevap
  2. B
    Metabolic acidosis
  3. C
    Respiratory alkalosis
  4. D
    Respiratory acidosis

Cevap

Metabolic alkalosis
The correct answer identifies that frequent, severe vomiting depletes the body of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid). The loss of these hydrogen ions leaves a relative excess of bicarbonate in the bloodstream, which raises the systemic pH and causes metabolic alkalosis. Because the imbalance originates from the gastrointestinal tract rather than the lungs, it is classified as a metabolic condition.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the primary mechanism of fluid and electrolyte loss described in the scenario.
The client is experiencing frequent, severe vomiting.
Understanding the source of fluid loss is required to determine which specific electrolytes and acids are being depleted.
2
Determine the chemical composition of the lost fluid.
Gastric fluid contains a high concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl).
Knowing that stomach contents are acidic explains the physiological impact of losing large volumes of this fluid.
3
Analyze the systemic effect of losing a significant amount of acid.
Losing hydrogen ions (H+) from the gastrointestinal tract leaves a relative excess of base (bicarbonate) in the blood, causing the systemic pH to rise (alkalosis).
This establishes the condition as alkalosis. Because it originates from a gastrointestinal issue rather than a respiratory one, it is classified as a metabolic imbalance.

Anahtar Kavram

Pathophysiology of acid-base imbalances due to gastric acid depletion
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Konular

Physiological Adaptation

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