Tüm alıştırma soruları

3881 soru

Soru 3101Soru →

A nurse is preparing to admit a client with suspected *Neisseria meningitidis* meningitis who also has a heavily draining, uncontained leg ulcer infected with Vancomycin-resistant *Enterococcus* (VRE). Which infection control interventions should the nurse implement? Select all that apply.

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Cevap: Don a standard surgical mask upon entering the client's room.; Put on a disposable gown and clean gloves prior to room entry.; Dedicate a stethoscope, blood pressure cuff, and thermometer exclusively for this client.

Cevap

The nurse should don a standard surgical mask, put on a disposable gown and gloves upon entry, and dedicate noncritical assessment equipment solely for this client.
The client requires concurrent droplet and contact precautions. Neisseria meningitidis is transmitted via large respiratory droplets, requiring the nurse to wear a standard surgical mask upon room entry. The uncontained VRE infection requires contact precautions, which mandate donning a gown and gloves upon entry and dedicating noncritical patient-care equipment (such as a stethoscope and blood pressure cuff) to the client to prevent cross-contamination.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the transmission route for Neisseria meningitidis.
It is transmitted via large respiratory droplets, requiring Droplet Precautions.
Determines the need for a standard surgical mask upon room entry.
2
Identify the transmission route for an uncontained VRE wound.
It is transmitted via direct or indirect contact, requiring Contact Precautions.
Determines the need for a gown, gloves, and dedicated patient equipment.
3
Evaluate the hand hygiene requirements for VRE.
Alcohol-based hand rubs are highly effective against VRE.
Differentiates VRE from spore-forming organisms (like C. difficile) that strictly require soap and water.
4
Evaluate the room and visitor requirements.
A standard private room is sufficient; visitors need surgical masks, not N95 respirators.
Airborne precautions (negative pressure, N95 respirators) are not indicated for these specific pathogens.

Anahtar Kavram

Concurrent Application of Droplet and Contact Precautions
Soru 3102Soru →

Correlate the following foundational ethical principles with the nursing action that best demonstrates their application in clinical practice.

Soldaki öğeye tıklayın, sonra eşleşen sağdaki öğeye tıklayın

Öğeler

Veracity
Fidelity
Beneficence
Justice

Eşleşmeler

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap

Veracity pairs with truthfully answering questions about lab results; Fidelity pairs with following through on a commitment to return with medication; Beneficence pairs with initiating prevention protocols to promote well-being; Justice pairs with triaging victims based on injury severity rather than socioeconomic status.
Each nursing action directly aligns with the core definition of the ethical principle it pairs with. Veracity is demonstrated by honesty (answering lab results truthfully). Fidelity is demonstrated by promise-keeping (returning in 20 minutes). Beneficence is demonstrated by doing good (preventing skin breakdown). Justice is demonstrated by fairness (equitable triage).

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Evaluate the definition of Veracity.
Identify it as the duty to tell the truth.
This links directly to the action of answering a client's question truthfully despite family requests.
2
Evaluate the definition of Fidelity.
Identify it as the obligation to keep promises and maintain trust.
This links directly to honoring the commitment of returning to the client's room in a specified timeframe.
3
Evaluate the definition of Beneficence.
Identify it as the duty to actively do good and promote the client's well-being.
This links directly to taking proactive steps, such as initiating skin breakdown prevention protocols.
4
Evaluate the definition of Justice.
Identify it as the principle of fairness and equitable distribution of resources.
This links directly to triaging clients based purely on medical severity rather than socioeconomic status.

Anahtar Kavram

Ethical Principles in Nursing Practice
Soru 3103Soru →

A nurse on a postpartum maternity unit is prioritizing care for four assigned clients after receiving the morning shift report. Which client should the nurse evaluate first?

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Cevap: A client who gave birth 12 hours ago via cesarean section and is now reporting a sudden onset of shortness of breath and pleuritic chest pain.

Cevap

The client reporting a sudden onset of shortness of breath and pleuritic chest pain requires immediate evaluation.
The correct answer describes a client experiencing symptoms indicative of a pulmonary embolism, a highly acute and potentially fatal complication. According to the ABC (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) prioritization framework, any sudden alteration in respiratory or cardiovascular status demands immediate nursing assessment and intervention.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze each client's clinical presentation against the ABC (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) prioritization framework.
One client has a breathing and circulation compromise (shortness of breath, chest pain), while the others have expected postpartum findings.
The ABC framework is the primary tool for identifying life-threatening emergencies that require immediate intervention.
2
Differentiate between expected/chronic findings and unexpected/acute findings.
Lochia flow, incisional pain, and breast engorgement are expected findings. Sudden shortness of breath and chest pain are acute, unexpected complications.
Unexpected and acute physiological changes always take priority over routine or expected postoperative/postpartum symptoms.

Anahtar Kavram

Prioritization using the Airway, Breathing, Circulation (ABC) framework and acute versus expected findings.
Soru 3104Soru →

A home health nurse is evaluating an older adult client who has multiple unexplained bruises in various stages of healing. During the assessment, the client tearfully confides that their primary caregiver caused the injuries but begs the nurse not to tell anyone, expressing intense fear of being moved to a care facility. Which action by the nurse represents the most appropriate ethical and legal response?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Report the suspected abuse to the designated state adult protective agency despite the client's request for secrecy.

Cevap

The most appropriate action is to report the suspected abuse to the designated state adult protective agency despite the client's request for secrecy.
The correct action involves reporting the suspected abuse to the designated state agency. In nursing ethics, while confidentiality and autonomy are fundamental, they are not absolute. When a vulnerable adult is at risk of significant harm, the ethical duty of nonmaleficence and the legal mandate of mandatory reporting supersede the client's request for secrecy.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the conflict between ethical principles in the scenario.
The nurse faces a conflict between respecting the client's autonomy and confidentiality versus the duty of nonmaleficence (preventing harm).
Ethical dilemmas often require weighing competing principles to determine the priority action.
2
Apply legal frameworks regarding vulnerable populations.
Nurses are mandatory reporters for suspected elder abuse, which legally overrides confidentiality.
Legal statutes designed to protect vulnerable adults dictate that safety takes precedence over privacy in cases of abuse.
3
Determine the required nursing intervention.
The nurse must fulfill the legal and ethical obligation to report the suspected abuse to the appropriate authorities.
Failing to report suspected abuse places the client at risk for ongoing harm and violates the nurse's legal and ethical duties.

Anahtar Kavram

Limits of confidentiality and mandatory reporting of elder abuse
Tahmini Süre:1m 0s
Soru 3105Soru →

Match each client's clinical presentation to the specific infection control intervention required for their care.

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Öğeler

A client with profuse, watery diarrhea testing positive for Clostridioides difficile.
An immunocompromised client presenting with disseminated herpes zoster.
A client admitted with paroxysmal coughing and suspected Bordetella pertussis.
A client with a heavily draining abdominal wound colonized with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE).

Eşleşmeler

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap

Clostridioides difficile matches with soap and water hand hygiene; disseminated herpes zoster matches with a negative-pressure room and respirator; Bordetella pertussis matches with wearing a surgical mask within three feet; and VRE matches with gown/gloves where alcohol-based sanitizer remains acceptable.
Each pathogen must be paired with its precise infection control requirement: C. difficile requires mechanical spore removal (soap and water), disseminated zoster requires airborne containment (negative pressure and respirator), pertussis requires droplet barriers (surgical mask), and VRE requires contact barriers (gown and gloves) with standard hand hygiene.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the transmission route for Clostridioides difficile.
Identified as a spore-forming enteric pathogen.
Spores resist alcohol, making soap and water the only effective hand hygiene method.
2
Analyze the transmission route for disseminated herpes zoster.
Identified as requiring airborne and contact precautions.
Unlike localized shingles in a healthy adult, disseminated zoster can be transmitted via aerosols, requiring a negative-pressure room and N95 respirator.
3
Analyze the transmission route for Bordetella pertussis.
Identified as a droplet-transmitted infection.
Droplet precautions mandate a standard surgical mask when within three feet of the client.
4
Analyze the transmission route for VRE in a draining wound.
Identified as a contact-transmitted infection without spores.
Gown and gloves are required for room entry, but alcohol-based hand rubs are appropriate and effective for hand hygiene.

Anahtar Kavram

Appropriate selection of isolation precautions based on pathogen transmission routes.
Soru 3106Soru →

An adult client is evaluated in an outpatient clinic and tests positive for a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Later that day, the client's spouse, who is officially listed as the emergency contact in the electronic health record (EHR), calls the clinic. The spouse states, "I know my partner was tested today. As their spouse and emergency contact, I have a right to know the results so I can protect my own health." There is no signed authorization form on file permitting disclosure to the spouse. Which of the following is the most appropriate response by the nurse?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: "I cannot confirm or share any test results without explicit authorization from the client."

Cevap

The nurse must state that they cannot confirm or share any test results without explicit authorization from the client.
Under standard privacy regulations, a nurse cannot disclose Protected Health Information (PHI)—which includes confirming whether a test was performed or sharing its results—to a spouse or family member without explicit, documented consent from the competent adult client. Being listed as an emergency contact only permits information sharing during an actual medical emergency where the client is incapacitated. It does not grant proxy access to routine medical records or STI test results. The nurse must provide a neutral response that neither confirms nor denies the client's health status.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the caller's request and relationship to the client.
The caller is the spouse and designated emergency contact, requesting STI test results.
Determining the caller's identity is the first step in assessing what information, if any, can be legally released.
2
Review the electronic health record for a signed HIPAA release of information.
There is no signed authorization form on file permitting disclosure to the spouse.
Written consent is legally required to share Protected Health Information (PHI) with family members in non-emergency situations.
3
Evaluate the legal permissions granted by an 'emergency contact' designation.
An emergency contact designation only allows information sharing during a true medical emergency where the client is incapacitated, not for routine test results.
Nurses must differentiate between proxy access to routine records and emergency notification protocols.
4
Formulate a response that maintains strict confidentiality.
The nurse must decline to provide the information without confirming or denying that the client was even seen at the clinic.
Even confirming that a test was performed is a breach of confidentiality.

Anahtar Kavram

Confidentiality and Release of Protected Health Information (PHI)
Soru 3107Soru →

A nurse is preparing a client for discharge. While reviewing the printed discharge packet with the client in their room, the nurse realizes that another client's sensitive laboratory results were mistakenly stapled into the packet. Arrange the actions the nurse should take in the correct priority order.

Öğeleri doğru sıraya koymak için sürükleyin

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap

The correct sequence is to first secure the breached information by retrieving the incorrect documents, explain the error to the client, provide the correct discharge documents, notify nursing leadership and the privacy officer, and finally complete an internal incident report.
The nursing process and prioritization frameworks dictate that immediate mitigation of harm (retrieving the PHI) takes precedence over all other administrative actions. After containing the active breach, the nurse must address the client's immediate needs by explaining the error and providing the correct documents. Only once client-facing care and immediate security are resolved should the nurse escalate the issue to leadership (privacy officer) and complete the required administrative documentation (incident report).

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Retrieve the incorrect laboratory results from the client's discharge packet immediately.
The unauthorized disclosure is immediately halted.
Prioritization frameworks dictate that mitigating immediate harm and securing Protected Health Information (PHI) is the first required action during a breach.
2
Explain the clerical error to the client without disclosing the other client's identity.
The client understands the situation without further privacy violations occurring.
Immediate, transparent communication addresses the situation professionally while upholding the third party's confidentiality.
3
Provide the client with their correct discharge documents and complete the discharge teaching.
The client's discharge process continues safely.
Once the breach is contained, the nurse must ensure the client receives their own correct health information to prevent adverse clinical outcomes.
4
Notify the charge nurse and the facility's privacy officer regarding the unauthorized disclosure.
Facility leadership is made aware of the HIPAA violation.
Administrative reporting to leadership initiates the facility's official breach response and compliance protocol.
5
Complete an internal facility incident report detailing the confidentiality breach.
A formal risk management record of the variance is created.
Filing an incident report is required for regulatory compliance and quality improvement, but should only be done after immediate safety and clinical needs are addressed.

Anahtar Kavram

Prioritization of HIPAA breach response and mitigation
Tahmini Süre:1m 30s
Soru 3108Soru →

A behavioral response team nurse is called to assist with a 28-year-old client who is experiencing acute amphetamine-induced psychosis. The client is physically attacking staff members and throwing equipment. De-escalation techniques are ineffective, and the client is placed in four-point physical restraints at 1000. The healthcare provider completes the required face-to-face evaluation and enters the restraint prescription. Which nursing intervention is mandatory for this specific category of restraint?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Monitoring the client's respiratory status, behavior, and neurovascular integrity at minimum every 15 minutes

Cevap

The nurse must monitor the client's respiratory status, behavior, and neurovascular integrity at least every 15 minutes.
The correct answer is to monitor the client's respiratory status, behavior, and neurovascular integrity at minimum every 15 minutes. Violent or behavioral restraints carry a high risk of injury, cardiopulmonary compromise, and psychological distress. Federal regulations and standard clinical guidelines mandate continuous observation or formal in-person assessments at least every 15 minutes for clients in this specific category of restraint.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the clinical scenario to determine the restraint classification.
The client is exhibiting violent behavior and attacking staff, classifying this as a behavioral (violent) restraint situation rather than a medical-surgical (non-violent) one.
Different categories of restraints have entirely different legal frameworks and safety requirements.
2
Recall the federal guidelines and safety standards specific to behavioral restraints.
Behavioral restraints for adults require a face-to-face provider evaluation within 1 hour, prescription renewal every 4 hours, and intensive clinical monitoring at least every 15 minutes.
These strict regulations exist to prevent serious injury, cardiopulmonary compromise, and death during psychiatric emergencies.
3
Evaluate the given nursing interventions against legal and safety standards.
24-hour renewals apply to medical restraints; side rails are an unsafe attachment point; clinical evaluation cannot be delegated; 15-minute monitoring is the legal requirement for behavioral restraints.
Identifying the correct standard ensures safe, legal, and competent nursing practice.
4
Select the intervention that aligns with behavioral restraint protocols.
Monitoring at least every 15 minutes is identified as the correct required action.
This directly fulfills the intense observation requirement for a client posing an imminent threat to themselves or others.

Anahtar Kavram

Differentiating legal and safety standards for violent (behavioral) versus non-violent (medical-surgical) restraints
Soru 3109Soru →

A triage nurse in the emergency department is reviewing clinical reports for incoming clients. Match each client's clinical presentation with the correct primary isolation precautions required upon their immediate arrival.

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Öğeler

Client presenting with a three-day history of high fever, coryza, and a spreading maculopapular rash with buccal mucosa lesions
Client presenting with severe paroxysmal coughing spells followed by a high-pitched inspiratory sound and emesis
Client presenting with severe abdominal cramping and frequent, watery diarrhea three weeks after completing a prolonged antibiotic course
Client presenting with intense nocturnal pruritus and threadlike, linear burrows in the webbing of the fingers

Eşleşmeler

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap

The measles presentation matches Airborne Precautions; the pertussis presentation matches Droplet Precautions; the suspected Clostridioides difficile matches Enteric Contact Precautions; the scabies presentation matches Standard Contact Precautions.
Each clinical presentation aligns with a specific pathogen or disease process that dictates precise transmission-based isolation protocols per CDC guidelines. Accurately synthesizing client symptoms to identify the suspected disease is a critical first step for nurses to select the correct personal protective equipment (PPE), room assignment, and hand hygiene method to prevent healthcare-associated infections.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the first clinical presentation (fever, coryza, rash, buccal lesions).
Identify the condition as suspected rubeola (measles).
Measles is transmitted via small airborne particles, necessitating an Airborne Infection Isolation Room (AIIR) and an N95 respirator.
2
Analyze the second clinical presentation (paroxysmal cough, inspiratory sound, emesis).
Identify the condition as suspected pertussis (whooping cough).
Pertussis is transmitted via large respiratory droplets, requiring Droplet Precautions (surgical mask within 3 feet).
3
Analyze the third clinical presentation (diarrhea post-antibiotics).
Identify the condition as suspected Clostridioides difficile.
C. diff requires Enteric Contact Precautions because alcohol-based rubs cannot eradicate its spores; soap and water must be used.
4
Analyze the fourth clinical presentation (nocturnal pruritus, linear burrows).
Identify the condition as suspected scabies.
Scabies requires Standard Contact Precautions (gown and gloves) to prevent transmission during direct care.

Anahtar Kavram

Standard and Transmission-Based Precautions
Soru 3110Soru →

A nurse on a medical-surgical unit realizes they have just administered a full dose of an immediate-release antihypertensive medication to the wrong client. Arrange the following actions in the priority order the nurse should perform them. (Place the first and most urgent action at the top, and the final administrative action at the bottom.)

Öğeleri doğru sıraya koymak için sürükleyin

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap

The correct sequence is to first assess the client, then notify the healthcare provider, inform the charge nurse, document the clinical event in the medical record, and finally complete the institutional incident report.
Following any clinical error, the nursing process dictates that assessment is always the first step. The nurse must determine if the client has been harmed. Next, the provider is notified so medical interventions can be ordered. Informing the charge nurse follows the chain of command. Clinical documentation occurs next to maintain an accurate health record. Finally, the incident report is completed as an internal administrative task, completely separate from the client's medical record.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Assess the client's vital signs and current physiological status.
Establishes the client's baseline condition and identifies immediate adverse effects.
Direct client care and physiological safety always take priority over communication and paperwork.
2
Notify the healthcare provider of the medication error.
Allows the provider to give necessary orders based on the nurse's assessment.
Medical intervention may be required immediately to counteract the medication.
3
Inform the unit charge nurse or nursing supervisor.
Engages unit leadership in the event.
Leadership needs to be aware for patient monitoring, risk management escalation, and supporting the nurse.
4
Document the administered medication and provider notification in the medical record.
Creates a legal, clinical record of the objective facts.
Clinical documentation must reflect what actually occurred and what assessments were made.
5
Complete an institutional incident or variance report.
Fulfills administrative and risk-management requirements.
This is purely administrative, does not affect immediate patient outcomes, and must be kept separate from the clinical chart.

Anahtar Kavram

Nursing prioritization and risk management following a medication error.
Soru 3111Soru →

A clinical leader on a medical-surgical telemetry unit is evaluating the electronic health records of several clients during morning rounds. Which of the following client findings warrant immediate clinical intervention by the nurse? (Select all that apply.)

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Cevap: A client with an exacerbation of heart failure who has a new onset of pink, frothy sputum and restlessness.; A client admitted for a deep vein thrombosis who suddenly reports sharp chest pain and shortness of breath.; A client receiving a packed red blood cell transfusion who develops a sudden fever, chills, and lower back pain.

Cevap

The clients requiring immediate intervention are: the client with heart failure and pink, frothy sputum; the client with a deep vein thrombosis reporting sudden chest pain; and the client receiving a blood transfusion who develops fever and lower back pain.
Prioritization is guided by the Airway, Breathing, Circulation (ABC) framework and the principle of prioritizing acute, unexpected findings over chronic or expected ones. The client with pink frothy sputum (pulmonary edema), the client with sudden chest pain and dyspnea (pulmonary embolism), and the client with fever and lower back pain during a transfusion (hemolytic reaction) are all experiencing acute, unexpected, life-threatening airway, breathing, or systemic crises. These require immediate life-saving interventions.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Evaluate the client with heart failure and pink, frothy sputum.
Identified as a high-priority acute emergency.
Pink, frothy sputum and restlessness indicate acute pulmonary edema and hypoxia, which is an airway and breathing crisis.
2
Evaluate the client with COPD and an oxygen saturation of 91%.
Identified as stable.
This is an expected, chronic baseline finding for severe COPD and does not indicate an acute decline.
3
Evaluate the post-laparoscopic cholecystectomy client with right shoulder pain.
Identified as stable.
Referred shoulder pain from carbon dioxide used during laparoscopy is an expected, non-life-threatening postoperative finding.
4
Evaluate the client with a deep vein thrombosis presenting with sudden chest pain and shortness of breath.
Identified as a high-priority acute emergency.
These are hallmark signs of a pulmonary embolism, causing an immediate threat to breathing and circulation.
5
Evaluate the client receiving a blood transfusion who develops fever, chills, and lower back pain.
Identified as a high-priority acute emergency.
These symptoms strongly suggest an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction, requiring immediate cessation of the transfusion to prevent further systemic compromise.

Anahtar Kavram

Establishing Priorities: Acute vs. Chronic and Unexpected vs. Expected Findings
Soru 3112Soru →

An intensive care registered nurse (RN) is prioritizing care for four clients who currently have physical restraints applied. Which client situation presents the most immediate threat to life and requires the RN's instantaneous intervention?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: A client in four-point behavioral restraints who is positioned supine and begins actively vomiting.

Cevap

The client in four-point behavioral restraints who is positioned supine and begins actively vomiting.
The correct answer is the client in four-point restraints who is vomiting while supine. According to the ABC (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) prioritization framework, securing the airway is the highest clinical priority. A client secured in four-point physical restraints is entirely immobilized and unable to turn their head or body independently. Active vomiting in a supine position under these conditions presents an immediate, catastrophic risk of pulmonary aspiration, asphyxiation, and subsequent respiratory arrest. The nurse must instantaneously intervene by turning the client to a lateral position and clearing the airway.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the question's requirement.
The question asks to identify the 'most immediate threat to life' among four critical situations involving restrained clients.
Establishing that this is a prioritization question dictates the use of the ABC (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) framework.
2
Evaluate the physiological and mechanical risks presented in each option.
The options present an airway threat (aspiration), a circulation threat (ischemia), a potential safety/line-pulling threat, and a mechanical hazard (improper tying).
Identifying the specific type of threat is necessary to rank them according to clinical urgency.
3
Apply the ABC prioritization framework to rank the threats.
The active airway compromise (vomiting while immobilized supine) supersedes circulation issues, potential safety risks, and mechanical hazards.
Airway obstruction leads to hypoxia and death faster than any other physiological or mechanical complication presented.

Anahtar Kavram

Prioritization of life-threatening airway emergencies in restrained clients
Soru 3113Soru →

A nurse is performing a health screening for a 72-year-old client at a local community center. Which assessment finding should the nurse identify as an expected physiological change of the aging process?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Decreased subcutaneous tissue and thinning of the skin

Cevap

Decreased subcutaneous tissue and thinning of the skin
As the body ages, there is a natural loss of subcutaneous fat and the epidermis thins. These structural changes can lead to increased sensitivity to cold and skin fragility. This is an expected, normal physiological adaptation associated with the aging process.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the client's age and the clinical setting.
The client is a 72-year-old older adult presenting for a routine health screening.
Establishes the baseline expectation that the nurse is looking for normal, age-related physiological changes rather than signs of an acute emergency.
2
Evaluate each option to differentiate between expected aging adaptations and pathological findings.
Loss of subcutaneous fat is a normal aging change. Incontinence, sudden confusion, and tachycardia are pathological findings.
Accurate clinical judgment requires the nurse to recognize when a symptom indicates an acute illness versus a normal developmental change.

Anahtar Kavram

Normal Physiological Changes of Aging
Soru 3114Soru →

A community health nurse is providing discharge instructions to several clients and their families regarding infection control practices in the home setting. Which of the following teaching points demonstrate accurate understanding of transmission-based precautions? Select all that apply.

Geçerli olan tümünü seçin

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Instructing the family of a client with Clostridioides difficile to clean bathroom surfaces and high-touch areas with a diluted bleach solution.; Advising a client with active pulmonary tuberculosis to wear a standard surgical mask when sharing common living areas with household members.

Cevap

The correct teaching points are using a diluted bleach solution for C. difficile and having the client with active tuberculosis wear a standard surgical mask around others.
Standard and transmission-based precautions must be adapted appropriately for the home setting. Because Clostridioides difficile spores are highly resilient, a bleach-based solution is required to effectively disinfect bathroom surfaces and high-touch areas. For active pulmonary tuberculosis, the primary goal in the home is source control; therefore, the infected client should wear a standard surgical mask when in the presence of household members to contain infectious droplet nuclei.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the cleaning requirement for C. difficile in the home.
C. difficile is transmitted via contact and forms resilient spores. Bleach is required to destroy these spores.
This confirms that instructing the family to use a bleach solution is a correct infection control measure.
2
Determine the appropriate source control for a client with active TB at home.
TB is transmitted via the airborne route. The infected client wearing a standard surgical mask prevents droplet nuclei from entering the shared air space.
This confirms that advising the TB client to wear a mask in common areas is a correct measure.
3
Evaluate the glove requirements for MRSA dressing changes at home.
Clean gloves are acceptable and sufficient for home wound care; sterile gloves are not required.
This rules out the option requiring sterile gloves for MRSA.
4
Determine the transmission route and requirements for Hepatitis C.
Hepatitis C is bloodborne, not spread by saliva or casual contact.
This rules out the need for washing dishes separately.
5
Assess the appropriate hand hygiene method for norovirus.
Norovirus is an unenveloped virus that is resistant to alcohol-based sanitizers; soap and water is mandatory.
This rules out the use of alcohol-based hand sanitizer.

Anahtar Kavram

Home-based infection control requires adapting hospital transmission-based precautions, focusing on appropriate pathogen-specific hand hygiene, environmental cleaning, and source control.
Tahmini Süre:1m 30s
Soru 3115Soru →

An outpatient orthopedic clinic is experiencing a high volume of walk-in appointments. The clinical coordinator must distribute client care activities between a registered nurse (RN) and an unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP). Which of the following tasks is most appropriate to delegate to the UAP?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Assisting a stable older adult client with transferring from a wheelchair to the examination table.

Cevap

Assisting a stable older adult client with transferring from a wheelchair to the examination table.
The correct answer is assisting the stable older adult client with a wheelchair transfer. According to the Five Rights of Delegation, tasks delegated to a UAP should be routine, pose low risk, and be performed on stable clients with predictable outcomes. Assisting with a transfer falls well within the UAP's standard scope of practice.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze each task to determine if it requires advanced nursing knowledge, assessment, or teaching.
Evaluating neurovascular status is an assessment. Demonstrating pin care is teaching. Assisting with a wheelchair transfer is a basic mobility task.
The RN cannot delegate tasks involving clinical judgment, assessment, or initial teaching (often remembered by the EAT acronym: Evaluate, Assess, Teach).
2
Evaluate the clinical circumstance and stability of each client.
The client reporting severe, crushing chest pain is highly unstable and experiencing a potential medical emergency. The older adult client requiring a transfer is stable.
The 'right circumstance' principle of delegation dictates that UAPs should only be assigned to stable clients with predictable outcomes. Unstable clients require immediate RN attention.
3
Select the task that best aligns with the UAP's scope of practice and the principles of safe delegation.
Assisting the stable client with a transfer is the only task that meets all criteria for safe delegation.
Basic mobility assistance for a stable client poses minimal risk and does not require nursing judgment.

Anahtar Kavram

Delegation of routine care for stable clients to Unlicensed Assistive Personnel (UAP)
Soru 3116Soru →

A nurse has completed a dressing change for a client who is isolated in a negative-pressure room for active pulmonary tuberculosis. The client also has a heavily draining leg wound infected with vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE). Which sequence of actions by the nurse demonstrates the correct protocol for doffing personal protective equipment (PPE) and exiting the room?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Removing the gown and gloves inside the client's room, performing hand hygiene, exiting to the hallway, and then removing the N95 respirator.

Cevap

The nurse should remove the gown and gloves inside the room, perform hand hygiene, exit the room, and then remove the N95 respirator.
Safe removal of PPE requires adhering to the doffing rules for all active isolation tiers. For Contact precautions, the nurse must remove the contaminated gown and gloves inside the patient room to contain the VRE. For Airborne precautions, the nurse must keep the N95 respirator firmly in place until they have physically exited the negative-pressure room and closed the door to protect against aerosolized tuberculosis.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the transmission-based precautions required for the client's concurrent conditions.
Tuberculosis requires Airborne Precautions (N95 respirator), and VRE in a draining wound requires Contact Precautions (gown and gloves).
Combining precautions determines both the type of PPE needed and the specific environmental rules for donning and doffing.
2
Determine the correct location for removing Contact Precaution PPE (gown and gloves).
The gown and gloves must be removed inside the client's room.
Removing contaminated garments before exiting prevents the transfer of VRE to the hallway and other clean hospital areas.
3
Determine the correct location for removing Airborne Precaution PPE (N95 respirator).
The N95 respirator must be removed outside the negative-pressure room.
Keeping the respirator on until after the door is closed prevents the inhalation of aerosolized tuberculosis bacilli that may have escaped or remain suspended in the room.

Anahtar Kavram

PPE Doffing Sequence for Combined Airborne and Contact Precautions
Soru 3117Soru →

Following afternoon interdisciplinary rounds on a general medical unit, the registered nurse evaluates the most recent clinical data for four assigned clients. Which client requires the most immediate assessment by the nurse?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: A client with acute pancreatitis who reports sudden-onset dyspnea and has a respiratory rate of 28 breaths/minute

Cevap

The client with acute pancreatitis experiencing sudden-onset dyspnea and tachypnea requires immediate assessment due to the high risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
The correct answer identifies the client with acute pancreatitis and new-onset dyspnea as the highest priority. Systemic inflammation in acute pancreatitis can cause capillary leak in the lungs, leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Sudden dyspnea and an elevated respiratory rate (28 breaths/minute) are early signs of this acute, life-threatening 'Breathing' complication, necessitating immediate assessment and intervention according to the ABC framework.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the clinical presentation of each client to distinguish between expected (chronic/therapeutic) and unexpected (acute/unstable) findings.
Three clients have expected findings for their specific diagnoses, while one client has an unexpected, acute change.
Prioritization requires identifying deviations from a client's baseline or therapeutic goals.
2
Apply the Airway, Breathing, Circulation (ABC) prioritization framework to the client with the acute change.
The client with acute pancreatitis is exhibiting sudden dyspnea and an elevated respiratory rate of 28 breaths/minute, indicating a severe breathing and oxygenation problem.
Acute respiratory compromise is a critical, life-threatening emergency that takes precedence over stable chronic conditions, normal postoperative drainage, and therapeutic lab values.
3
Select the client with the highest physiological risk for immediate intervention.
The client with pancreatitis is selected as the highest priority.
This client is at immediate risk for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a known and rapidly fatal complication of acute pancreatitis.

Anahtar Kavram

Prioritization: Acute vs. Chronic and ABCs
Soru 3118Soru →

A nurse in a residential substance use treatment facility is caring for a client in the early stages of alcohol withdrawal. The client suddenly reports crushing chest pressure and severe dyspnea. While the nurse is preparing to assess vital signs, the client tearfully discloses that a facility counselor has been sexually abusing them for the past week. Which actions by the nurse are appropriate? Select all that apply.

Geçerli olan tümünü seçin

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Initiate emergency medical protocols for the client's acute chest pain and respiratory distress.; Notify the facility administration and the designated state protective agency about the abuse allegation.; Remain continuously with the client and ensure they are secured in an area away from the accused staff member.

Cevap

The appropriate actions are to initiate emergency medical protocols for the chest pain, notify the facility administration and state protective agency about the abuse, and remain continuously with the client in a safe environment.
The nurse must simultaneously apply clinical prioritization and foundational ethical principles. First, the nurse must address the immediate, life-threatening physiological symptoms (chest pressure and dyspnea) using emergency protocols (Airway, Breathing, Circulation). Simultaneously, the nurse must uphold the ethical principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence by remaining with the client and ensuring they are secured away from the accused abuser. Finally, the nurse has a strict legal and ethical mandate to act as a client advocate by immediately reporting the suspected abuse to the appropriate administrative and state authorities.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the client's immediate physiological status based on the scenario.
The client is experiencing crushing chest pressure and severe dyspnea, which are indicators of a potential life-threatening cardiovascular or respiratory event.
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs and the ABCs (Airway, Breathing, Circulation), acute physiological instability must be addressed before any psychosocial interventions.
2
Evaluate the ethical and legal obligations regarding the client's disclosure of sexual abuse.
The nurse identifies an immediate duty to protect the client (nonmaleficence/beneficence) and a legal mandate to report the abuse allegation.
Suspected abuse in a healthcare setting triggers mandatory reporting protocols. The nurse must act immediately to secure the client's safety and notify appropriate authorities, regardless of the client's current withdrawal status.
3
Assess the communication strategies utilized in the options.
The nurse must avoid accusatory or defensive language when responding to a victim of abuse.
Nontherapeutic communication techniques, such as asking 'why' questions, violate the ethical standard of providing compassionate, supportive care and can re-traumatize the client.

Anahtar Kavram

Ethical Practice: Prioritization of Care and Mandatory Reporting
Soru 3119Soru →

A nurse is managing the care of a client recovering from viral encephalitis. The client exhibits severe confusion and is persistently attempting to dislodge a peripheral intravenous (IV) line and an indwelling urinary catheter. Following the documented failure of less restrictive safety measures, the healthcare provider prescribes bilateral soft wrist restraints. Which of the following nursing interventions must be included in the client's plan of care? Select all that apply.

Geçerli olan tümünü seçin

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Evaluate the client's peripheral pulses, skin temperature, and capillary refill at least every 2 hours; Secure the restraint ties to a movable portion of the bed frame; Temporarily remove the devices sequentially every 2 hours to facilitate range-of-motion exercises and skin care

Cevap

The correct nursing actions include evaluating neurovascular status every 2 hours, securing the ties to a movable portion of the bed frame, and temporarily removing the devices sequentially every 2 hours.
Appropriate and safe care for a client in non-violent medical restraints includes attaching the straps to a movable part of the bed frame so they adjust safely with bed movements. The RN is mandated to perform neurovascular and skin integrity checks at least every two hours. Additionally, the devices should be removed sequentially every two hours to allow for skin care, toileting, and range-of-motion exercises without leaving the confused client completely unrestrained.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the type of restraint being used and the clinical indication.
The client requires non-violent medical restraints to prevent the removal of life-sustaining medical devices.
Different types of restraints (violent vs. non-violent) have slightly different monitoring timelines and documentation requirements.
2
Determine the correct anatomical placement and securing location for the restraint.
The restraint must be secured to a movable part of the bed frame using a quick-release knot, never to the side rails.
This prevents patient injury when the bed's position is adjusted and ensures rapid removal during emergencies.
3
Establish the required ongoing assessment and delegation boundaries.
The RN must perform neurovascular checks and sequentially release the restraints every 2 hours. Assessment tasks cannot be delegated.
Professional nursing judgment is required to evaluate circulation, skin integrity, and the continued necessity of the restraint.

Anahtar Kavram

The safe application, monitoring, and delegation of medical restraints strictly require securing to a movable bed frame with a quick-release knot, RN-led 2-hour assessments, and sequential release for basic care.
Tahmini Süre:1m 30s
Soru 3120Soru →

While responding to a pump occlusion alarm, a nurse discovers that a client's continuous enteral nutrition formula has been erroneously connected to the proximal port of a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) and is actively infusing. Arrange the following nursing actions in the priority order to mitigate this adverse event and prevent further injury. All options must be used.

Öğeleri doğru sıraya koymak için sürükleyin

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap

The correct sequence is to first stop the infusion pump, then disconnect the tubing, assess the client's cardiopulmonary and neurological status, notify the healthcare provider and rapid response team, and finally complete the facility incident report.
In the event of an active route administration error (a 'never event' such as infusing tube feeding into a central line), the absolute first priority is to stop the source of harm. Halting the pump immediately prevents further formula from entering the bloodstream. Disconnecting the tubing ensures no residual fluid enters via gravity. Only after the source of harm is secured should the nurse assess the client's physiological status, as this baseline data is crucial before notifying the healthcare provider and rapid response team. Completing the incident report is an administrative risk-management task that is always performed last, after the client's safety is secured.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Stop the infusion pump delivering the enteral nutrition.
The active infusion of enteral formula into the central venous system is halted.
This immediately removes the source of harm and prevents further catastrophic intravascular exposure.
2
Disconnect the enteral administration set from the central venous catheter.
The enteral tubing is physically separated from the client's vascular access.
This prevents any residual formula from flowing into the client via gravity or accidental restarting of the pump.
3
Assess the client's vital signs, oxygen saturation, and level of consciousness.
Baseline physiological data regarding the client's current stability is obtained.
Assessment data is required to determine the severity of the reaction and to accurately inform the healthcare provider.
4
Notify the healthcare provider and activate the rapid response team.
Advanced medical personnel are alerted and mobilized to the bedside.
The client will likely require immediate medical interventions, such as blood cultures, broad-spectrum IV antibiotics, or resuscitation.
5
Complete a facility incident report detailing the misconnection.
The adverse event is formally documented for the institution's quality and safety department.
Reporting allows the facility to conduct a root-cause analysis to prevent future tubing misconnections, but it must never delay direct client care.

Anahtar Kavram

Priority Management of Route Administration Errors and Tubing Misconnections
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Tüm alıştırma soruları — NCLEX-RN | Examkin