Tüm alıştırma soruları

3881 soru

Soru 3181Soru →

A registered nurse is preparing to administer a unit of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) to a client with symptomatic anemia. To prevent errors and ensure client safety, which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply.)

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Cevap: Verify the client's identity and the blood product information with a second registered nurse directly at the bedside.; Remain with the client and assess for signs of a transfusion reaction for the first 15 minutes of the infusion.; Ensure the entire unit of packed red blood cells is infused within 4 hours of being issued from the blood bank.

Cevap

The correct actions are to verify the client and blood product with a second nurse at the bedside, remain with the client for the first 15 minutes of the infusion, and ensure the transfusion is completed within 4 hours.
The correct actions ensure safe blood administration. Verifying the blood product with a second nurse at the bedside prevents fatal ABO incompatibility errors. Remaining with the client for the first 15 minutes is critical because this is when severe hemolytic reactions most commonly occur. Finally, completing the transfusion within 4 hours is strictly necessary to prevent bacterial proliferation and subsequent septicemia.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the high-risk nature of the procedure.
Blood transfusions carry a high risk for sentinel events, requiring strict adherence to verification protocols.
To prevent ABO incompatibility and hemolytic reactions.
2
Determine appropriate delegation and assessment.
The registered nurse retains responsibility for the critical initial 15-minute assessment.
Unlicensed assistive personnel (UAPs) cannot perform initial clinical assessments or evaluate for adverse reactions.
3
Evaluate equipment compatibility and disposal procedures.
Use only 0.9% Normal Saline for priming and dispose of materials in biohazard containers.
To prevent cellular hemolysis and adhere to strict infection control and environmental safety standards.

Anahtar Kavram

Blood Transfusion Safety and Error Prevention
Soru 3182Soru →

A glass laboratory tube shatters in a high-traffic clinical hallway, resulting in a significant blood spill. Arrange the following infection control actions in the correct chronological sequence. All options must be used.

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Cevap

The correct sequence is to first restrict access to the area, then apply personal protective equipment, cover the spill with absorbent material, remove the material and glass with mechanical tongs, and finally apply a hospital-grade disinfectant.
Safe management of a biohazardous spill requires a systematic approach. The nurse must prioritize immediate environmental safety by restricting access. Next, the nurse protects themselves by donning PPE. The actual cleaning process requires a two-step method: first, removing the organic bioburden by absorbing and picking it up (using mechanical means to avoid sharps injury), and second, chemically disinfecting the pre-cleaned surface.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Restrict access to the immediate perimeter.
Secures the environment from foot traffic.
Prevents cross-contamination and accidental sharps exposure while the nurse gathers necessary clean-up supplies.
2
Apply required personal protective equipment.
Protects the healthcare worker from exposure.
Standard precautions dictate that appropriate barrier protection must be worn before handling blood, body fluids, or contaminated sharps.
3
Cover the spill with absorbent material.
Contains the fluid and prevents splashing.
Organic material must be absorbed prior to disinfection because heavy bioburdens (like pooled blood) inhibit the efficacy of chemical cleaning agents.
4
Collect the saturated material and glass shards using mechanical tongs.
Removes the physical and biological hazard safely.
OSHA and standard guidelines mandate that broken glassware that may be contaminated must not be picked up directly with the hands.
5
Apply a hospital-grade disinfectant to the surface.
Destroys remaining microscopic pathogens.
Applying the disinfectant to a pre-cleaned surface and allowing the required contact time ensures complete decontamination.

Anahtar Kavram

Management of Biohazardous Spills (Standard Precautions)
Tahmini Süre:1m 30s
Soru 3183Soru →

An older adult client with moderate Alzheimer's disease is admitted to the medical unit for treatment of bacterial pneumonia. The client is receiving continuous intravenous (IV) fluids. Throughout the morning, the client becomes repeatedly incontinent of urine, appears increasingly restless, and continuously picks at the IV dressing. Which action by the nurse is most appropriate?

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Cevap: Apply a protective moisture barrier cream to the perineal area and camouflage the IV tubing using a long-sleeved hospital gown.

Cevap

The correct intervention is to apply a moisture barrier cream to protect the skin and conceal the IV site using a long-sleeved gown as a restraint alternative.
The correct answer addresses the client's physiological needs while utilizing the least restrictive interventions. Applying a moisture barrier cream protects the client's skin from moisture-associated skin damage caused by incontinence. Concealing the IV site with a long-sleeved gown or tubular bandage is an effective, non-restrictive alternative to prevent the client from picking at the line.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the client's primary needs based on the clinical presentation.
The client requires immediate skin protection due to incontinence and an IV protection strategy due to restlessness.
Frequent incontinence increases the risk of skin breakdown, and pulling at the IV line risks interrupting essential prescribed therapy.
2
Evaluate the proposed interventions for safety and adherence to the nursing scope of practice.
Restraints are too restrictive for an initial intervention, and delegating assessment to a UAP is unsafe.
Least restrictive measures must be used first to promote safety, and registered nurses cannot delegate nursing assessments.
3
Select the intervention that promotes comfort and safety using the least restrictive means.
Applying barrier cream and camouflaging the IV site is the best choice.
This comprehensively addresses both hygiene and safety by protecting the skin and distracting the client without using physical restraints.

Anahtar Kavram

Prioritizing least restrictive safety measures and maintaining skin integrity in cognitively impaired older adults.
Tahmini Süre:1m 0s
Soru 3184Soru →

A nurse is performing an assessment on a newborn 11 minute after birth. The nurse notes the following findings:
- Heart rate: 114114 beats/min
- Respiratory effort: Loud, vigorous cry
- Muscle tone: Active, spontaneous movement of all extremities
- Reflex irritability: Vigorous cry and pulls away during bulb syringe suctioning
- Color: Pink trunk with bluish hands and feet

Calculate the newborn's 11-minute APGAR score. (Enter only the final numeric value)

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Cevap: 9

Cevap

9
The correct answer is 9. The APGAR score evaluates five categories on a scale of 0 to 2. The newborn scores 1 point for color (acrocyanosis) and 2 points each for heart rate (>100), reflex irritability (pulls away), muscle tone (active movement), and respiratory effort (vigorous cry). The total sum is 9.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Evaluate Appearance (Color).
1 point
The newborn has a pink trunk with bluish hands and feet, which is known as acrocyanosis. This is a normal finding at 1 minute but deducts one point from a perfect score.
2
Evaluate Pulse (Heart Rate).
2 points
The heart rate is 114 beats/min. Any heart rate greater than 100 beats/min receives the maximum of 2 points.
3
Evaluate Grimace (Reflex Irritability).
2 points
Vigorously crying and pulling away during stimulation (suctioning) indicates excellent reflex irritability, earning 2 points.
4
Evaluate Activity (Muscle Tone).
2 points
Active, spontaneous movement of all extremities indicates strong muscle tone, scoring 2 points.
5
Evaluate Respiration (Respiratory Effort).
2 points
A loud, vigorous cry demonstrates optimal respiratory effort, scoring 2 points.
6
Calculate the total APGAR score.
9
The sum of the five individual components is 1+2+2+2+2=91 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 9.

Anahtar Kavram

APGAR Scoring System
Soru 3185Soru →

An older adult client with severe metabolic encephalopathy is persistently disrupting a continuous central venous infusion despite multiple documented less restrictive interventions. The healthcare provider has just prescribed bilateral soft wrist restraints. Arrange the nurse's subsequent actions in the correct chronological sequence of implementation.

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Cevap

The correct sequence is to first verify the prescription, then educate the client and family, perform a baseline neurovascular assessment, apply the restraints with appropriate clearance, and finally secure the straps to a movable part of the bed.
The correct chronological sequence reflects fundamental nursing principles: validating legal authorization (verifying the order), prioritizing psychosocial needs and ethics (education), utilizing the nursing process (baseline assessment), and finally implementing the intervention safely (application and securing).

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Verify that the provider's prescription is current, time-limited, and specifies the clinical justification.
Ensures legal and clinical authorization for the procedure.
Medical-surgical restraints require a specific, non-PRN order prior to application, unless the situation is an immediate behavioral emergency.
2
Explain the rationale for the safety devices to the client and any present family members.
Promotes understanding and minimizes psychological distress.
Ethical nursing practice requires providing information and attempting to gain cooperation before initiating a restrictive physical intervention.
3
Perform a baseline assessment of the client's skin integrity and peripheral vascular status in both arms.
Establishes the pre-application circulatory and integumentary status.
A baseline is necessary to accurately evaluate the client for any subsequent neurovascular compromise during continuous monitoring.
4
Wrap the padded cuffs around the client's wrists, ensuring enough space to insert two fingers underneath.
Secures the client's wrists safely without compromising circulation.
Proper spacing prevents severe complications such as nerve damage, impaired tissue perfusion, or skin breakdown.
5
Tie the restraint straps to the movable portion of the bed frame utilizing a quick-release knot.
Anchors the restraints safely and securely.
Tying to the movable frame prevents injury when the bed position is adjusted, and a quick-release knot allows for immediate removal in case of a medical emergency (e.g., cardiac arrest or seizure).

Anahtar Kavram

The application of medical-surgical restraints follows a strict legal and procedural sequence prioritizing order verification, informed care, baseline assessment, and evidence-based safety techniques.
Soru 3186Soru →

A nurse is preparing to administer an intermittent bolus enteral feeding via a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube to a client. In what order should the nurse perform the following actions? Arrange the steps in the correct sequence.

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Cevap

The correct sequence is: Elevate the head of the bed, measure the gastric residual volume, flush the tube with water, administer the enteral formula by gravity, and finally flush the tube again before clamping.
Safe administration of enteral feedings follows a strict chronological order that prioritizes airway protection first (elevating the head of the bed), followed by assessing tolerance (checking residual volume), ensuring tube patency (pre-flush), delivering nutrition safely (gravity feeding), and maintaining equipment integrity (post-flush and clamp).

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Elevate the head of the bed to at least 30 to 45 degrees.
The client is placed in a safe, upright position.
Elevating the head of the bed is the most critical initial step to protect the airway and prevent aspiration of stomach contents into the lungs during the procedure.
2
Aspirate stomach contents to measure the gastric residual volume.
The amount of undigested formula in the stomach is quantified.
Measuring the residual volume assesses gastric emptying and tolerance of previous feedings, ensuring it is safe to administer the next bolus.
3
Flush the gastrostomy tube with 30 mL of water.
The tube is cleared of gastric contents.
Flushing verifies the patency of the tube and prevents occlusion before the thick enteral formula is introduced.
4
Allow the prescribed enteral formula to flow in by gravity.
The client receives the prescribed nutrition.
Administering the feeding by gravity simulates normal filling of the stomach, preventing nausea, cramping, and vomiting.
5
Flush the tube with 30 mL of water and clamp the device.
The tube is cleared of formula and safely secured.
A final flush removes residual formula that could curdle and occlude the tube over time, and clamping prevents leakage or air entry.

Anahtar Kavram

Enteral Nutrition Administration and Aspiration Prevention
Tahmini Süre:1m 30s
Soru 3187Soru →

Following a diagnostic lumbar puncture, a client is transferred back to the acute care unit. The client reports mild tenderness at the lower back puncture site but is currently alert with stable vital signs. Which of the following actions is the most appropriate for the registered nurse to implement?

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Cevap: Keep the client strictly in a flat, supine position for the prescribed duration.

Cevap

Keep the client strictly in a flat, supine position for the prescribed duration.
The correct action is to maintain the client in a flat, supine position for several hours following a lumbar puncture. This positioning helps prevent a post-dural puncture headache (often called a spinal headache) by reducing the hydrostatic pressure and preventing the rapid leakage of cerebrospinal fluid from the puncture site.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the primary risks following a diagnostic lumbar puncture.
The most common and significant complications are cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage and subsequent post-dural puncture headache (spinal headache).
Understanding the physiological risks allows the nurse to anticipate and implement necessary preventive measures.
2
Determine the optimal positioning to mitigate these risks.
A flat, supine position is required.
Laying flat minimizes hydrostatic pressure on the dural puncture site, reducing the likelihood of CSF leakage and helping to prevent spinal headaches.
3
Evaluate the remaining choices for safety and scope of practice.
Elevating the head or returning to the fetal position increases complication risks, while assigning an assessment to unlicensed personnel violates delegation rules.
Assessments cannot be delegated, and upright or flexed positions are contraindicated post-procedure.

Anahtar Kavram

Post-Lumbar Puncture Care and Positioning
Soru 3188Soru →

Following an emergency endotracheal intubation, a client requires bilateral soft wrist restraints to prevent unplanned extubation. Which nursing action demonstrates the correct management of these safety devices?

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Cevap: Releasing one restraint at a time every two hours to perform skin care and range-of-motion exercises.

Cevap

The correct action is to release one restraint at a time every two hours to perform skin care and range-of-motion exercises.
To maintain client safety and prevent physiological complications such as skin breakdown or contractures, medical restraints must be released at least every 2 hours. In critically ill clients with life-sustaining equipment, such as an endotracheal tube, the nurse must release only one restraint at a time. This ensures that the client's skin and joints receive care without providing them the opportunity to use a free hand to dislodge the tube.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the clinical scenario and the type of restraints being used.
The client has non-violent, medical restraints applied to protect a life-sustaining device (endotracheal tube).
Identifying the rationale for restraints dictates the specific assessment frequency and safety protocols required.
2
Evaluate standard restraint safety procedures regarding skin and joint care.
Restraints must be temporarily removed at least every 2 hours to assess skin integrity and perform range-of-motion exercises.
Continuous pressure and immobility can cause rapid skin breakdown, nerve damage, and contractures.
3
Apply safety principles specifically for an intubated client.
Only one restraint should be removed at a time during these assessments.
Releasing both restraints simultaneously would allow the client completely free movement, posing a high risk for immediate self-extubation.

Anahtar Kavram

Safe Restraint Management and Delegation
Soru 3189Soru →

While coordinating care in a bustling perinatal triage center, the nurse evaluates the preliminary assessment data for four individuals. Which client requires the most immediate intervention?

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Cevap: A gravida at 32 weeks of gestation experiencing constant, board-like abdominal rigidity accompanied by dark red vaginal discharge.

Cevap

The gravida at 32 weeks of gestation experiencing constant, board-like abdominal rigidity and dark red vaginal discharge requires the most immediate intervention.
The correct answer describes classic manifestations of abruptio placentae (placental abruption). A rigid, board-like abdomen combined with dark red vaginal bleeding indicates premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall. This is a critical obstetric emergency that restricts fetal oxygenation and places the mother at high risk for severe hemorrhage, hypovolemic shock, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), demanding immediate medical intervention and potential emergent delivery.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the findings for the client at 32 weeks of gestation.
Identified signs of placental abruption.
Board-like abdominal rigidity and dark red bleeding are classic indicators of this life-threatening obstetric emergency.
2
Evaluate the laboring client's fetal heart rate pattern.
Identified early decelerations.
Gradual decreases mirroring contractions indicate benign fetal head compression.
3
Assess the postpartum client's vital signs.
Recognized normal physiological adaptation.
Postpartum bradycardia and slight temperature elevations are expected findings in the first 24 hours.
4
Review the neonate's clinical presentation.
Identified normal newborn transition.
Acrocyanosis and a temperature of 97.9°F (36.6°C) are within normal limits for a 4-hour-old infant.

Anahtar Kavram

Prioritization of Obstetric Emergencies vs. Normal Physiologic Adaptations
Soru 3190Soru →

A registered nurse is developing a plan of care for an 80-year-old client admitted with a severe urinary tract infection (UTI). The client has developed acute delirium, is highly agitated, and repeatedly attempts to climb over the bed rails unassisted. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement to prevent injury and mitigate clinical errors? (Select all that apply.)

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Cevap: Activating a weight-sensitive bed exit alarm to promptly alert staff if the client attempts to leave the bed; Relocating the client to a room near the nurses' station to facilitate frequent visual monitoring; Maintaining the client's bed in the lowest locked position and ensuring the immediate environment is free of clutter

Cevap

The correct safety interventions include activating a bed exit alarm, relocating the client near the nurses' station, and keeping the bed in the lowest locked position while clearing environmental clutter.
Implementing a bed exit alarm, relocating the client near the nurses' station for closer observation, and maintaining a low, locked bed with a clutter-free environment are all evidence-based, primary interventions to prevent falls and injury. These actions prioritize client safety using the least restrictive methods available, adhering to standard nursing protocols for an agitated client at high risk for falls.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the client's clinical presentation and identify primary safety risks.
The client is an older adult experiencing acute delirium secondary to an infection, exhibiting high agitation, and attempting unsafe bed exits, which creates a severe fall and injury risk.
Identifying the specific behavioral and environmental safety hazards is the foundational step in formulating a targeted injury prevention plan.
2
Evaluate each potential intervention for safety, appropriateness, and compliance with nursing standards.
Bed alarms, frequent direct monitoring, and a safe physical environment are evidence-based, less-restrictive safety measures. Conversely, immediate restraint use, delegating initial clinical assessments, and misattributing acute pathology to normal aging represent unsafe practices and critical clinical errors.
Nursing protocols require prioritizing the least restrictive safety measures and maintaining strict adherence to delegation limits and assessment standards to prevent errors and patient harm.

Anahtar Kavram

Injury Prevention and Restraint Alternatives
Soru 3191Soru →

A multidisciplinary committee at a regional hospital is conducting an audit of clinical practices. Which of the following documented actions by a registered nurse demonstrate correct adherence to confidentiality laws and information security standards? Select all that apply.

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Cevap: Logging off the electronic health record (EHR) terminal at the nurses' station immediately before walking down the hall to assist a colleague.; Providing a comprehensive summary of a client's current medication regimen to the receiving facility's nurse during an inter-hospital transfer.; Transmitting a client's immunization history to a local public school district only after securing a written authorization form signed by the parent.

Cevap

The correct actions involve logging off the electronic health record terminal before leaving it unattended, sharing relevant clinical information during an inter-hospital transfer, and obtaining written consent before releasing medical records to a public school.
Adhering to privacy standards requires a nurse to actively secure electronic data, understand legally permitted disclosures for treatment purposes (such as patient transfers), and obtain explicit written consent for non-treatment disclosures (such as providing records to schools). The appropriate actions correctly apply these foundational security principles.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Evaluate the action regarding electronic health record (EHR) security.
Logging off the EHR terminal immediately when leaving the station is a required security measure.
This prevents incidental or intentional unauthorized access to protected health information by passersby or other staff.
2
Evaluate the action regarding mandatory reporting exceptions.
Waiting for conclusive evidence before reporting suspected abuse is incorrect.
Mandatory reporting laws override standard confidentiality protections, and suspicion alone requires an immediate report to protect the vulnerable client.
3
Evaluate the action regarding inter-facility communication.
Sharing a medication regimen with a receiving facility is appropriate.
HIPAA permits the disclosure of protected health information without explicit authorization when it is necessary for treatment and continuity of care.
4
Evaluate the action regarding the delegation of privacy education.
Delegating the explanation of the Notice of Privacy Practices to a UAP is incorrect.
Providing initial education and verifying a client's understanding of their legal rights requires the specialized knowledge and judgment of a registered nurse.
5
Evaluate the action regarding third-party record requests.
Sending immunization records to a school only after obtaining written consent is correct.
Schools are outside the immediate healthcare treatment team, making signed authorization legally mandatory before releasing health data.

Anahtar Kavram

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) regulations require nurses to actively safeguard protected health information (PHI) while accurately recognizing legal exceptions, such as mandatory abuse reporting and disclosures necessary for client treatment.
Soru 3192Soru →

A nurse is caring for an older adult client who is experiencing acute postoperative confusion following a total hip arthroplasty. The client repeatedly attempts to climb out of bed unassisted, risking a severe fall and joint dislocation. Arrange the following nursing interventions in the correct order from the least restrictive to the most restrictive measure.

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Cevap

The interventions should escalate sequentially from basic needs assessment (frequent rounding), to environmental modification (room relocation), to technological alerts (bed alarm), to intensive supervision (sitter), and finally to physical limitation (restraints).
Nursing standards of practice and regulatory guidelines require attempting and documenting the exhaustion of all least restrictive alternatives before utilizing physical restraints. The sequence correctly progresses from standard nursing care (frequent rounding) to environmental modifications (moving rooms), technological assistance (bed alarms), intensive human resource utilization (1:1 sitter), and finally culminating in the most restrictive measure (physical restraint).

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Address basic physiological needs through frequent rounding.
The root cause of the wandering behavior may be resolved.
Confused clients often attempt to get out of bed due to unexpressed needs, such as a full bladder or uncontrolled pain.
2
Relocate the client near the nurses' station.
The client is placed under closer passive surveillance.
Increased visibility allows nursing staff to intervene more rapidly if the client attempts to exit the bed unassisted.
3
Utilize a bed exit alarm.
Staff receive an immediate auditory alert if the client's weight shifts.
Alarms provide a reliable active warning system while keeping the client free of physical restraints.
4
Initiate continuous one-to-one observation.
The client receives constant supervision and immediate verbal redirection.
When environmental changes and alarms are insufficient, a dedicated sitter can provide constant safety monitoring before resorting to physical restraints.
5
Apply a physical restraint per healthcare provider prescription.
The client is physically prevented from exiting the bed.
Physical restraints are strictly a measure of last resort when all other non-restrictive alternatives have failed to prevent imminent, severe harm.

Anahtar Kavram

Prioritization of least restrictive interventions and alternatives before applying physical restraints in a client at high risk for falls.
Soru 3193Soru →

While conducting hourly rounding on a medical-surgical unit, a nurse discovers that a client's central venous catheter (CVC) tubing has become disconnected at the hub. The client is suddenly grasping their chest, gasping for air, and exhibiting circumoral cyanosis. To prevent further catastrophic injury from a suspected air embolism, arrange the following immediate nursing actions in the correct priority sequence.

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Cevap

The correct priority sequence is: Clamp the catheter, position the client in left lateral Trendelenburg, administer 100% oxygen, activate the rapid response team, and then obtain vital signs while remaining with the client.
In any sudden equipment failure leading to a life-threatening error (like a CVC disconnection), the absolute first priority is source control to halt the ongoing injury. Clamping the line stops the influx of air. Immediately after, the nurse must physically manipulate the existing hazard by placing the client in a left lateral Trendelenburg position; this uses gravity to trap the air in the right ventricle, preventing it from obstructing pulmonary blood flow. Once the mechanical threat is contained, the nurse treats the physiological effects by applying 100% oxygen, which combats hypoxia and helps dissolve the nitrogen-rich air bubble. Only after these immediate, independent, life-saving actions are complete should the nurse divert attention to activating the rapid response team and gathering comprehensive assessment data (vital signs).

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Clamp the central venous catheter.
Additional air is prevented from entering the client's bloodstream.
Air entry through an open central line can be rapid and fatal. Source control must always be the first step in injury mitigation.
2
Place the client in a left lateral Trendelenburg position.
The air embolus becomes trapped in the right ventricle.
Gravity causes the buoyant air to rise to the apex of the right ventricle, keeping it away from the pulmonary valve and preventing a complete blockage of pulmonary circulation.
3
Administer 100% oxygen via a non-rebreather mask.
Hypoxia is treated and the size of the air embolus is reduced.
A high concentration of oxygen creates a diffusion gradient that pulls nitrogen out of the air bubble, causing it to shrink while also treating tissue ischemia.
4
Activate the rapid response team.
Advanced medical assistance is summoned to the room.
An air embolism is a life-threatening emergency that requires a multidisciplinary response, but the nurse must perform immediate physical safeguards before leaving the bedside or reaching for a phone.
5
Obtain vital signs and monitor continuously.
Baseline data is collected for the arriving emergency team.
Ongoing assessment is crucial to detect hemodynamic collapse, but it takes secondary priority to the immediate mechanical and respiratory interventions.

Anahtar Kavram

Emergency management and injury prevention for a central line-associated air embolism.
Tahmini Süre:2m 0s
Soru 3194Soru →

A client with mild cognitive impairment returned to the medical-surgical unit following a diagnostic lumbar puncture. The client is visibly restless, continuously attempts to sit up on the edge of the bed, and grasps at the bed linens. Which intervention is most appropriate to manage this client's care and comfort?

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Cevap: Maintain the client in a flat, supine position and provide a familiar sensory diversion object.

Cevap

Maintain the client in a flat, supine position and provide a familiar sensory diversion object.
Following a lumbar puncture, clients must remain flat and supine for several hours to prevent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage from the puncture site, which can cause a debilitating spinal headache. Because the client is restless and attempting to sit up, the nurse must intervene to maintain this required position. Providing a sensory diversion object is an effective, non-pharmacological comfort measure that keeps the client's hands occupied and safely redirects their attention without the need for physical restraints.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the primary clinical constraints based on the recent procedure.
The client had a lumbar puncture, which strictly requires a flat, supine position for several hours to prevent cerebrospinal fluid leakage and spinal headaches.
Post-procedure positioning is critical to prevent severe neurological complications.
2
Evaluate the client's behavioral symptoms and safety needs.
The client is restless and attempting to sit up, posing a risk of violating the positioning constraint.
Cognitive impairment can make adherence to strict positioning difficult, requiring nursing intervention.
3
Select the most appropriate, least restrictive intervention.
Providing a sensory diversion object redirects the client's attention and hands, promoting comfort while maintaining the required flat position.
Least restrictive measures and non-pharmacological comfort techniques must be prioritized before considering restraints.

Anahtar Kavram

Post-Lumbar Puncture Positioning and Non-Pharmacological Comfort
Soru 3195Soru →

A client in the first stage of labor is connected to continuous external electronic fetal monitoring. The nurse observes that the fetal heart rate gradually decreases at the exact onset of each uterine contraction, reaches its lowest point precisely at the peak of the contraction, and returns to baseline just as the contraction ends. Which of the following is the most appropriate action for the nurse to take?

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Cevap: Document the findings and continue routine monitoring.

Cevap

Document the findings and continue routine monitoring.
The clinical description outlines early decelerations, which occur when the fetal head is compressed against the maternal pelvis or soft tissues during a contraction. This triggers a vagal response, safely slowing the fetal heart rate. Because this is a normal, expected finding during labor that does not compromise fetal oxygenation, the only required nursing action is to document the rhythm and continue standard care.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the relationship between the fetal heart rate and the uterine contractions.
The decrease in fetal heart rate perfectly mirrors the uterine contraction (starts with the contraction, peaks with the contraction, and ends with the contraction).
Identifying the timing of the deceleration in relation to the contraction is essential for classifying the type of deceleration.
2
Identify the type of deceleration.
The pattern describes an early deceleration.
Early decelerations are uniform and mirror the contraction precisely.
3
Determine the physiological cause and the necessary nursing intervention.
The cause is fetal head compression, which is benign and requires only documentation.
Since early decelerations do not represent fetal hypoxia or distress, aggressive interventions are contraindicated.

Anahtar Kavram

Interpretation and management of early fetal heart rate decelerations
Soru 3196Soru →

A client admitted with acute respiratory distress and severe delirium is persistently attempting to remove their high-flow nasal cannula and peripheral intravenous line. Environmental modifications and having a family member at the bedside have been ineffective in redirecting the client's behavior. The healthcare provider issues a prescription for bilateral soft wrist restraints. Which action by the nurse demonstrates safe and appropriate management of this client?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Release the devices one at a time at least every 2 hours to provide skin care, perform range-of-motion exercises, and reassess the need for restriction.

Cevap

The safest appropriate action is to release the restraints one at a time at least every 2 hours to perform range-of-motion exercises, assess the skin, and evaluate the ongoing need for the devices.
For a client in non-violent medical-surgical restraints, the nurse must release the restraints at least every 2 hours (one at a time to maintain safety) to perform range-of-motion exercises, assess skin integrity and neurovascular status, provide for basic needs, and determine if the restraints can be safely discontinued. This action minimizes the risk of complications such as skin breakdown, contractures, and impaired circulation.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the client scenario and the prescribed intervention.
The client requires non-violent medical restraints for pulling at life-sustaining medical devices, and less restrictive alternatives have already failed.
Determining the type of restraint (violent vs. non-violent) dictates the monitoring frequency and legal requirements for nursing care.
2
Evaluate the nursing responsibilities and boundaries for a client in restraints.
The nurse is responsible for frequent assessment, basic care provision, ensuring safe physical application, and adhering to strict legal and facility guidelines.
Physical restraints pose significant risks to client safety and autonomy, requiring rigorous oversight and preventing inappropriate delegation.
3
Review each option against evidence-based safety standards.
Tying to side rails causes injury, PRN orders are legally prohibited, and assessing circulation cannot be delegated to UAP. The only safe action is releasing them every 2 hours for assessment.
Eliminating unsafe practices identifies the correct, standard-of-care intervention.

Anahtar Kavram

Safe maintenance, physical application, and legal parameters of non-violent medical-surgical restraints.
Soru 3197Soru →

A nurse is planning care for an immunocompromised adult client who has just been admitted with disseminated herpes zoster. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the plan of care? Select all that apply.

Geçerli olan tümünü seçin

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Assign the client to a private, negative-pressure airflow room.; Ensure the client wears a standard surgical mask during any essential transport outside the room.; Don a disposable gown, clean gloves, and an N95 respirator prior to entering the client's room.

Cevap

The correct actions include assigning the client to a negative-pressure room, ensuring the client wears a surgical mask during transport, and donning a gown, gloves, and an N95 respirator prior to entering the room.
Clients with disseminated herpes zoster require combined Airborne and Contact Precautions. This necessitates a negative-pressure room, the use of an N95 respirator, gown, and gloves by healthcare workers, and ensuring the client wears a standard surgical mask to contain secretions if transport is absolutely necessary.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the required transmission-based precautions for disseminated herpes zoster.
Disseminated herpes zoster requires both Airborne and Contact Precautions.
The virus can be transmitted via airborne droplet nuclei and through direct contact with lesions, especially in immunocompromised individuals.
2
Determine the appropriate room assignment and necessary personal protective equipment (PPE).
The client must be placed in a negative-pressure Airborne Infection Isolation Room (AIIR). Staff must wear an N95 respirator, gown, and gloves upon entry.
Negative pressure prevents airborne spread to other areas. Gowns and gloves protect against contact transmission from lesions.
3
Evaluate the remaining nursing interventions regarding transport, delegation, and door management.
The client must wear a surgical mask during transport. Initial teaching cannot be delegated. The room door must remain closed.
Surgical masks contain the client's exhaled pathogens. Patient education is exclusively within the RN's scope of practice. Open doors break the negative pressure seal.

Anahtar Kavram

Airborne and Contact Precautions for Disseminated Herpes Zoster
Soru 3198Soru →

A nurse is preparing to administer a prescribed dose of intravenous (IV) ondansetron to a client who is recovering from a laparoscopic cholecystectomy and reporting nausea. The client has a peripheral saline lock in place on the right forearm. Arrange the following steps for administering the IV push medication in the correct sequence.

Öğeleri doğru sıraya koymak için sürükleyin

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap

The correct sequence for administering an IV push medication via a saline lock is to clean the port, flush with saline to check patency, administer the medication, flush again with saline to clear the line, and finally clamp the tubing.
The standard evidence-based protocol for administering an IV push medication into a peripheral saline lock is often remembered by the acronym SAS: Saline, Administer, Saline. First, the nurse must always maintain asepsis by cleaning the access port. Second, a normal saline flush is used to assess the patency of the intravenous site and ensure the fluid flows easily without causing swelling or pain. Third, the medication is pushed over the recommended time. Fourth, a second normal saline flush is administered to push the remaining medication in the extension tubing into the client's bloodstream. Finally, the tubing is clamped to maintain positive pressure and prevent blood reflux, which could cause a clot and subsequent loss of the IV access.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Disinfect the injection port.
The port is aseptically prepared.
Reduces the risk of a peripheral line-associated bloodstream infection.
2
Flush the line with normal saline.
Line patency is verified.
Ensures the vein is viable and prevents extravasation or infiltration of the medication.
3
Administer the IV medication.
The therapeutic dose is delivered.
Treats the client's postoperative nausea safely.
4
Flush the line again with normal saline.
The tubing is cleared of medication.
Ensures the entire dose reaches the systemic circulation and prevents drug incompatibility if other medications are administered later.
5
Clamp the extension tubing.
The saline lock is secured.
Maintains positive pressure in the line to prevent blood from backing up and clotting inside the catheter.

Anahtar Kavram

Safe administration of intravenous push medications through a saline lock using the Saline-Administer-Saline (SAS) protocol.
Soru 3199Soru →

During morning rounds, the nurse notes that a client with severe malnutrition has total parenteral nutrition (TPN) infusing through a single-lumen peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC). A new prescription for intermittent intravenous (IV) ceftriaxone is ordered for a suspected infection. Which action is the most appropriate method to deliver the antibiotic?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Establish a new peripheral intravenous access site to administer the ceftriaxone.

Cevap

Establish a new peripheral intravenous access site to administer the ceftriaxone.
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) contains complex mixtures of amino acids, dextrose, lipids, and electrolytes. Because of its high osmolarity and composition, it carries a significant risk of chemical incompatibility when mixed with other medications. Therefore, TPN must always be administered through a dedicated IV line or a dedicated lumen of a multi-lumen central catheter. Since the client only has a single-lumen PICC, the nurse must establish a separate peripheral IV site to safely give the antibiotic.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the current IV setup and the new prescription.
The client has a single-lumen PICC dedicated to TPN, and needs a new IV antibiotic.
Understanding the existing access is required before safely giving new IV medications.
2
Recall the safety guidelines for TPN administration.
TPN must always run through a dedicated line or a dedicated lumen of a multi-lumen central catheter.
TPN solutions are highly complex, have a high osmolarity, and pose a high risk for infection and chemical incompatibility with other drugs.
3
Determine the safest method to administer the newly prescribed antibiotic.
Because the single-lumen PICC is currently dedicated to TPN, the nurse must start a new peripheral IV line.
This prevents mixing the antibiotic with TPN and avoids pausing the TPN, which could lead to hypoglycemia.

Anahtar Kavram

Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) requires a dedicated intravenous line to prevent severe drug incompatibility and infection.
Soru 3200Soru →

A registered nurse is preparing to exit the negative-pressure isolation room of a client diagnosed with disseminated varicella-zoster. The nurse is currently wearing a gown, an N95 respirator, a face shield, and gloves. Arrange the following steps for safely removing the personal protective equipment (PPE) and exiting the room in the correct chronological sequence.

Öğeleri doğru sıraya koymak için sürükleyin

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap

The correct sequence is: remove gloves, remove face shield, remove gown, exit the room, remove the N95 respirator, and finally perform hand hygiene.
The correct sequence for doffing PPE follows the core infection control principle of removing the most contaminated items first while maintaining continuous respiratory protection until safely outside an airborne isolation environment. The standard alphabetical mnemonic for doffing (Gloves, Goggles, Gown, Mask) dictates removing gloves first, followed by eyewear, then the gown. Crucially, for airborne pathogens, the nurse must exit the room before removing the N95 respirator, concluding the entire process with thorough hand hygiene.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Remove gloves.
Hands are freed from the most contaminated component of the PPE.
Gloves harbor the highest concentration of contact pathogens and must be removed before touching the head or neck.
2
Remove the face shield.
Eye protection is safely discarded without contaminating the hands.
The back straps are considered clean, preventing cross-contamination from the contaminated front shield.
3
Remove the gown.
The gown is bundled inside-out and discarded in the designated room receptacle.
Rolling the gown inside-out prevents pathogens from transferring to the nurse's uniform.
4
Exit the client's room.
The nurse is securely in the hallway or anteroom.
Airborne pathogens (varicella-zoster) require maintaining a respiratory seal until safely outside the negative-pressure area.
5
Remove the N95 respirator.
The respirator is safely discarded outside the infectious environment.
Removing the bottom strap first prevents the mask from pivoting and contaminating the chest.
6
Perform hand hygiene.
Hands are completely decontaminated.
This guarantees that any accidental contamination during the doffing procedure is neutralized.

Anahtar Kavram

PPE Doffing Sequence for Airborne and Contact Precautions
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