Tüm alıştırma soruları

3881 soru

Soru 1301Soru →

A nurse on an obstetrical unit has just received change-of-shift report for four assigned clients. Which client should the nurse assess first?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: A client at 35 weeks gestation receiving a continuous magnesium sulfate infusion who has absent deep tendon reflexes

Cevap

The client receiving a continuous magnesium sulfate infusion who has absent deep tendon reflexes requires immediate assessment.
The correct answer identifies a client exhibiting absent deep tendon reflexes while on a magnesium sulfate infusion. This is a primary clinical indicator of magnesium toxicity, a severe complication that can rapidly progress to respiratory depression, paralysis, and cardiac arrest. This client is the most unstable and represents a medical emergency requiring immediate assessment, discontinuation of the infusion, and potential administration of calcium gluconate.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the clinical situation for each client using the ABCs (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) and safety frameworks.
Identify which client has an actual or potential life-threatening physiological complication.
To determine the highest priority client requiring immediate nursing assessment and intervention.
2
Evaluate the clinical significance of absent deep tendon reflexes in a client receiving magnesium sulfate.
Recognize this finding as a classic, early indicator of magnesium sulfate toxicity.
Absent reflexes often precede life-threatening respiratory depression and cardiac arrest, requiring immediate cessation of the infusion and administration of the antidote, calcium gluconate.
3
Compare the urgency of the remaining clients against the client with magnesium toxicity.
Determine that severe incisional pain, early decelerations, and a full bladder displacing a firm fundus are expected, benign, or lower-priority findings.
While these conditions require nursing action or medication administration, they do not pose an immediate, life-threatening airway or breathing risk.

Anahtar Kavram

Prioritization of Care: Recognizing Magnesium Sulfate Toxicity
Soru 1302Soru →

A chemical processing plant experiences a massive chlorine gas leak, and dozens of affected community members begin arriving at the emergency department via private vehicles. The hospital activates its Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) for a mass casualty hazardous materials incident. Which initial actions should the nursing staff take? Select all that apply.

Geçerli olan tümünü seçin

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Establish a single, controlled entry point and direct all self-presenting clients to an outdoor decontamination zone.; Don appropriate chemical-resistant personal protective equipment (PPE) before initiating any physical contact with the victims.; Assign clients who are ambulatory and able to follow commands to the minimal (green tag) treatment area.

Cevap

The correct actions are to establish an outdoor decontamination zone, don appropriate PPE before victim contact, and assign ambulatory clients to the minimal (green tag) treatment area.
During a hazardous materials mass casualty incident, the absolute primary priorities are protecting the healthcare facility from secondary contamination and ensuring staff safety. Establishing an outdoor decontamination zone and donning appropriate PPE ensures the emergency department remains functional. Using the standard START method, ambulatory clients are correctly categorized as minimal (green tag) priority, which efficiently clears them from the immediate treatment area so resources can be directed to critical victims.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the nature of the disaster.
The scenario is a hazardous materials (HazMat) mass casualty incident involving chlorine gas.
Identifying the threat level dictates the immediate need for facility protection and staff safety.
2
Evaluate the requirement for decontamination and personal protection.
Staff must wear appropriate chemical-resistant PPE, and all victims must be decontaminated outdoors before entering the clean facility.
Bypassing decontamination, regardless of client acuity, will contaminate the hospital and incapacitate healthcare workers (secondary exposure).
3
Apply the START (Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment) algorithm to the triage options.
Ambulatory clients are correctly tagged green. Apneic clients who do not breathe after airway repositioning must be tagged black (expectant), not red.
Disaster triage principles require allocating limited resources to those with the highest probability of survival.
4
Review delegation principles during an emergency surge.
Triage assessments cannot be delegated to UAPs.
Triage involves complex clinical judgment and assessment, which must be performed by a registered nurse or qualified provider.

Anahtar Kavram

Hazardous Materials Management and Disaster Triage Principles
Soru 1303Soru →

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) via a right subclavian central venous catheter (CVC). Upon entering the room, the nurse discovers that the intravenous tubing has inadvertently disconnected from the CVC hub, leaving the catheter open to the air. The client is suddenly gasping for breath, grasping their chest, and exhibits a blood pressure of 76/40 mmHg76/40\text{ mmHg} with a heart rate of 138 bpm138\text{ bpm}. To immediately mitigate the risk of a fatal physiological complication, which action should the nurse perform first?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Clamp the exposed catheter immediately and place the client in a left lateral Trendelenburg position.

Cevap

The nurse must first clamp the exposed catheter and position the client in a left lateral Trendelenburg position.
The client is experiencing a life-threatening venous air embolism resulting from an open central line. The immediate priority is to stop further air entry by clamping the catheter. Simultaneously, the nurse must place the client in the left lateral Trendelenburg position (Durant's maneuver). This position utilizes gravity to trap the air bubble in the apex of the right ventricle, keeping it away from the pulmonary valve and allowing blood flow to bypass the obstruction, thereby temporarily restoring cardiac output and reducing the risk of sudden cardiac arrest.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the clinical emergency based on the assessment data.
The open central venous catheter combined with sudden respiratory distress and profound cardiovascular collapse (hypotension, tachycardia) indicates a massive venous air embolism.
Negative intrathoracic pressure during inspiration pulls atmospheric air directly into the central venous system through the open catheter hub.
2
Determine the physiological mechanism of the complication.
The air travels to the right side of the heart, forming an air lock in the right ventricle or pulmonary outflow tract.
This mechanical obstruction prevents blood from reaching the lungs, leading to acute obstructive shock and rapidly deteriorating hemodynamics.
3
Select the immediate priority intervention to reduce the risk of mortality.
The nurse must immediately occlude the source (clamp the catheter) and utilize gravity (left lateral Trendelenburg position) to displace the air bubble away from the pulmonary valve.
This specific positioning (Durant's maneuver) traps the air in the apex of the right ventricle, allowing blood to flow underneath the air bubble and temporarily restoring cardiac output while emergency assistance is summoned.

Anahtar Kavram

Venous Air Embolism Emergency Management
Soru 1304Soru →

A client arrives on the medical unit immediately after undergoing a diagnostic lumbar puncture. To decrease the risk of a cerebrospinal fluid leak and subsequent post-procedure headache, which position is most appropriate for the nurse to implement?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Supine with the head of the bed flat

Cevap

The most appropriate position is supine with the head of the bed flat.
Following a lumbar puncture, the client must remain flat to prevent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from leaking out of the dural puncture site. A flat position equalizes pressure along the spinal column, which is the primary intervention to prevent post-dural puncture headaches.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the primary complication associated with the procedure.
Following a lumbar puncture, clients are at risk for a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, which leads to a severe post-dural puncture headache.
Understanding the mechanism of the complication determines the necessary nursing intervention.
2
Determine the physical position that mitigates this specific risk.
The flat, supine position eliminates the gravity-induced pressure gradient at the spinal puncture site.
Keeping the pressure equalized prevents CSF from escaping through the unhealed dural membrane.

Anahtar Kavram

Post-Lumbar Puncture Positioning
Soru 1305Soru →

A nurse is organizing the daily care plan for clients on a combined vascular and orthopedic unit. The healthcare team includes an experienced unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP). Which client care task is most appropriate for the nurse to delegate to the UAP?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Ambulating a client in the hallway who had a right knee arthroplasty three days ago and requires standby assistance

Cevap

Ambulating a client in the hallway who had a right knee arthroplasty three days ago and requires standby assistance
The registered nurse (RN) can safely delegate routine, predictable tasks that do not require nursing judgment to an unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP). Ambulating a client who is three days post-operative and only requires standby assistance is a stable, routine activity that falls securely within the UAP's scope of practice.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the legal scope of practice for an unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP).
UAPs can perform routine, standard tasks for stable clients, such as feeding, bathing, and ambulating.
Understanding delegation laws ensures safe client care and protects the nurse's license.
2
Evaluate the proposed tasks against the core delegation principles (often remembered as the 'EAT' acronym: Evaluate, Assess, Teach).
Palpating extremities involves Assessment. Providing initial instructions involves Teaching. Therefore, neither can be delegated.
The registered nurse must retain tasks that require nursing judgment, assessment, and education.
3
Assess the clinical safety and specific post-procedure requirements for the remaining tasks.
Ambulating a 3-day post-operative client requiring only standby assistance is safe and predictable. However, placing a post-femoral catheterization client in a high Fowler's position is medically contraindicated.
Clients post-femoral catheterization must remain flat to prevent arterial bleeding. Delegated tasks must not pose a risk of harm.

Anahtar Kavram

Delegation and Scope of Practice
Soru 1306Soru →

A nurse in an ambulatory care clinic is coordinating care and managing health information. Which of the following actions indicate appropriate adherence to confidentiality and information security standards? (Select all that apply.)

Geçerli olan tümünü seçin

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Locking the workstation screen prior to stepping away to consult with a provider in a different area of the clinic.; Leaving a voicemail requesting a return call to the clinic without specifying the medical reason for the call.; Verifying the identity of a caller against the authorized contact list in the electronic health record before sharing laboratory results.

Cevap

The correct actions are locking the workstation screen, leaving a generic voicemail that does not disclose medical details, and verifying a caller's authorization before sharing laboratory results.
Appropriate adherence to confidentiality standards involves strictly controlling access to protected health information (PHI). This includes securing electronic health records when not in use, avoiding the disclosure of medical details on voicemails, and verifying the authorization of individuals requesting information. These practices ensure that PHI is only accessed by or disclosed to authorized parties.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Evaluate the physical and electronic safeguards required by privacy regulations.
Identify that locking unattended computer screens and limiting the clinical details left on voicemails appropriately protect client information from unauthorized access.
Maintaining confidentiality requires strict control over how protected health information (PHI) is secured in the physical environment.
2
Analyze the legal exceptions to confidentiality, specifically regarding mandatory reporting.
Recognize that suspected child abuse must be reported immediately to protective services, overriding general privacy concerns.
Nurses are mandated reporters; requiring definitive proof before reporting violates legal obligations and endangers the vulnerable client.
3
Assess the principles of nursing delegation and appropriate communication.
Determine that UAPs cannot be delegated clinical assessments requiring EHR review, and that giving false reassurance to unauthorized callers breaches both therapeutic communication standards and privacy laws.
The 'minimum necessary' rule restricts EHR access, and any acknowledgment of a client's status to an unauthorized person constitutes a HIPAA violation.

Anahtar Kavram

Applying physical, electronic, and procedural safeguards to protect client health information while recognizing legal exceptions such as mandatory reporting.
Tahmini Süre:1m 30s
Soru 1307Soru →

A client with a persistent cough, night sweats, and hemoptysis is admitted to the medical-surgical unit with suspected active pulmonary tuberculosis. Which of the following infection control interventions must the nurse implement? (Select all that apply.)

Geçerli olan tümünü seçin

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Place the client in a private room equipped with negative-pressure airflow.; Keep the door to the client's room completely closed at all times.; Provide the client with a standard surgical mask to wear during transport outside the room.

Cevap

The nurse must place the client in a negative-pressure room, keep the door completely closed, and have the client wear a standard surgical mask when transport is necessary.
Active pulmonary tuberculosis is highly contagious and transmitted via airborne droplet nuclei. Strict Airborne Precautions are required to halt transmission. This protocol mandates placing the client in a private room with negative-pressure airflow to safely exhaust contaminated air outside the facility or through high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters. The door must remain completely closed at all times to maintain this negative pressure environment. When transport outside the isolation room is essential, the client must wear a standard surgical mask to contain infectious respiratory secretions at the source.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the client's clinical presentation and suspected diagnosis.
The client has classic symptoms of active pulmonary tuberculosis (persistent cough, night sweats, hemoptysis).
Identifying the infectious disease determines the specific transmission route that must be blocked.
2
Determine the appropriate tier of transmission-based precautions.
Airborne Precautions are required for pulmonary tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis is transmitted via small droplet nuclei that can remain suspended in the air and travel significant distances.
3
Select interventions that strictly align with Airborne Precautions protocol.
Appropriate interventions include utilizing a negative-pressure room, keeping the door closed, and applying a surgical mask to the client during transport.
These specific measures prevent the escape of airborne pathogens into the surrounding hospital environment, protecting staff and other clients.

Anahtar Kavram

Airborne Precautions for Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Soru 1308Soru →

A nurse is assuming care of a client who has just been transferred from the intensive care unit (ICU) to a general medical-surgical unit. The client is receiving continuous intravenous (IV) fluids and has a documented history of methicillin-resistant *Staphylococcus aureus* (MRSA). Which of the following actions must the nurse implement to prevent errors and ensure client safety during this care transition? Select all that apply.

Geçerli olan tümünü seçin

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Conduct a bedside handoff report with the transferring nurse to physically visualize the client, review infusions, and verify equipment.; Trace all intravenous tubing from the infusion pumps to the client's vascular access sites to verify correct solutions and connections.; Perform a complete medication reconciliation by comparing the transferring provider's orders against the medications the client was receiving in the intensive care unit.

Cevap

The nurse must conduct a joint bedside handoff report, trace all intravenous tubing from the infusion bags to the client, and perform a comprehensive medication reconciliation.
During a care transition from the intensive care unit, the risk for medical errors and adverse events increases significantly. Conducting a joint bedside handoff allows nurses to visualize the client, verify active equipment, and ask clarifying questions, which minimizes communication errors. Tracing all intravenous tubing from the fluid bags to the insertion sites is a critical protocol that prevents high-risk line misconnections. Additionally, performing a comprehensive medication reconciliation ensures that no critical medications were omitted or improperly duplicated during the transfer to the medical-surgical unit.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Recognize the high-risk nature of care transitions, specifically transferring a client from critical care (ICU) to a lower acuity setting.
Identify the need for systematic safety checks that mitigate communication breakdowns, equipment errors, and medication discrepancies.
Care transitions are a leading cause of sentinel events and adverse outcomes in healthcare facilities.
2
Evaluate the requirement for effective handoff communication.
Determine that the transferring and receiving nurses must conduct a bedside handoff together.
Physically visualizing the client and their attached equipment allows nurses to confirm the client's baseline status and clarify any discrepancies immediately.
3
Assess interventions related to the continuity of medical devices and treatments.
Determine that the nurse must physically trace all IV lines from the fluid bags down to the client's vascular access sites.
Line tracing is an evidence-based safety protocol that prevents dangerous tubing misconnections and ensures the correct fluids are infusing at the correct rates.
4
Evaluate the requirement for safe medication continuity across different care units.
Determine that a comprehensive medication reconciliation must be performed.
Comparing the new unit orders against the ICU medication administration record prevents the omission of required therapies and the duplication of active prescriptions.

Anahtar Kavram

Care Transition and Handoff Safety Protocols
Soru 1309Soru →

A registered nurse is documenting in the electronic health record (EHR) when a pop-up message appears on the screen stating that the computer has been locked and demanding a ransom payment to restore access. Arrange the nurse's subsequent actions in the correct sequence of priority.

Öğeleri doğru sıraya koymak için sürükleyin

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap

The correct sequence is to first disconnect the computer, then contact IT security, notify the charge nurse, initiate downtime procedures, and finally submit an incident report.
The correct sequence prioritizes the immediate physical containment of the security breach to protect the wider hospital network, followed by alerting specialized IT personnel, warning the immediate clinical team, ensuring ongoing client care, and finally completing administrative documentation.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the active threat and disconnect the affected computer workstation from the facility's network.
The ransomware is isolated to a single device.
Containment is the absolute highest priority to prevent malicious software from spreading across the hospital network and compromising further Protected Health Information (PHI).
2
Contact the Information Technology (IT) security department.
IT professionals are alerted to the breach.
Specialized personnel must assess the attack, secure the broader network, and initiate the facility's formal cyber incident response plan.
3
Notify the charge nurse to warn other staff members.
The unit staff is made aware of the cyber threat.
Unit leadership must coordinate the clinical response and prevent other staff from logging into potentially compromised terminals, limiting further exposure.
4
Initiate facility-approved downtime procedures.
Client care and documentation continue safely without the EHR.
Nurses must maintain continuity of care using alternative methods (e.g., paper charting) when the electronic health record (EHR) is inaccessible or unsafe to use.
5
Submit a formal incident report.
The event is formally documented for internal review.
Administrative documentation is necessary for regulatory compliance and internal investigation, but must only occur after all immediate safety and operational priorities have been met.

Anahtar Kavram

Incident Response and Containment for Electronic Health Record (EHR) Breaches
Soru 1310Soru →

A community health nurse is deployed to a field triage station following a structural collapse at a local stadium. The nurse assesses a victim who is unable to walk, has a respiratory rate of 36 breaths/min, and has a strong radial pulse. Based on the START (Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment) method, which triage category should the nurse assign to this victim?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Immediate (Red tag)

Cevap

Immediate (Red tag)
According to the START triage algorithm, any victim with a respiratory rate greater than 30 breaths per minute is immediately classified as having a life-threatening compromise. Therefore, this client requires an Immediate (Red) tag.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Determine if the victim can walk.
The victim is unable to walk, so they are not categorized as Minimal (Green tag).
This is the first step of the START triage algorithm to identify the 'walking wounded'.
2
Assess the victim's respiratory rate.
The respiratory rate is 36 breaths/min.
In the START algorithm, after ruling out walking wounded, respirations are assessed. A rate over 30 breaths/min indicates an immediate life threat.
3
Assign the appropriate triage tag based on the findings.
The victim is categorized as Immediate (Red tag).
A respiratory rate greater than 30 breaths/min is an automatic criteria for a Red tag, regardless of pulse or mental status.

Anahtar Kavram

Disaster Triage (START Method)
Soru 1311Soru →

Pair the following nursing interventions with the specific ethical principle that primarily underlies the behavior.

Soldaki öğeye tıklayın, sonra eşleşen sağdaki öğeye tıklayın

Öğeler

Supporting a competent client's decision to refuse a recommended surgical procedure.
Informing a client truthfully about an unexpected delay in their scheduled diagnostic test.
Following through on a commitment to return to a client's room in 15 minutes to re-evaluate their pain.
Allocating limited intensive care unit beds based on objective medical criteria during a mass casualty event.

Eşleşmeler

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap

Refusing surgery pairs with Autonomy. Truthfully informing pairs with Veracity. Following through on a commitment pairs with Fidelity. Allocating resources based on criteria pairs with Justice.
Each nursing intervention directly illustrates a core ethical principle. Autonomy is shown by supporting the client's self-determination to refuse care. Veracity is demonstrated by telling the truth about delays. Fidelity is exhibited by keeping a promise to return. Justice is applied by distributing medical resources fairly and objectively.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the intervention regarding a client refusing a surgical procedure.
The nurse is respecting the client's right to self-determination.
The principle of autonomy dictates that competent clients have the right to make decisions about their own bodies and healthcare.
2
Analyze the intervention regarding truthfully explaining a test delay.
The nurse is prioritizing honesty.
The principle of veracity requires nurses to be truthful and not deceive clients, which builds the foundation of a therapeutic relationship.
3
Analyze the intervention regarding returning to the client's room exactly as promised.
The nurse is honoring a commitment made to the client.
The principle of fidelity involves keeping promises, remaining faithful to professional commitments, and maintaining trust.
4
Analyze the intervention regarding the allocation of ICU beds during a mass casualty event.
The nurse is ensuring fair distribution of limited resources.
The principle of justice refers to fairness, equitable treatment, and unbiased allocation of healthcare resources.

Anahtar Kavram

Ethical Principles in Nursing Practice
Tahmini Süre:1m 30s
Soru 1312Soru →

A charge nurse on a step-down unit is observing staff practices regarding the management of protected health information (PHI). Which of the following actions by the healthcare team demonstrate adherence to regulatory privacy and security standards? Select all that apply.

Geçerli olan tümünü seçin

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: A nurse logs out of the electronic health record (EHR) terminal before walking down the hall to answer a client's call light.; A nurse discusses a client's transition to a rehabilitation facility with the physical therapist inside a private consultation room.; A nurse disposes of printed shift report documents containing client laboratory results into a designated secure shredding bin before leaving the facility.

Cevap

The correct actions include logging out of the EHR before leaving a terminal, utilizing a private room for interdisciplinary discussions, and discarding printed health information in a secure shredding bin.
The correct actions demonstrate strict adherence to confidentiality and information security standards. Logging out of the electronic health record prevents unauthorized electronic access. Using a private consultation room for interdisciplinary discussions minimizes the risk of incidental verbal disclosures in public areas. Finally, placing printed documents containing protected health information into secure shredding bins ensures that data is properly destroyed and protected from physical breaches.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Evaluate each observed action for compliance with HIPAA regulations and information security protocols.
Identify actions that protect client data versus those that expose data or violate reporting laws.
Regulatory standards dictate strict protocols for the physical, electronic, and verbal protection of PHI.
2
Analyze the scenarios involving disclosure and consent.
Determine that mandatory reporting of suspected abuse is a legal exception to HIPAA, and cultural assumptions do not override the need for explicit client consent.
Nurses must balance privacy rights with legal mandates and avoid stereotyping when sharing information.

Anahtar Kavram

HIPAA Privacy and Security Rules in Nursing Practice
Soru 1313Soru →

A pediatric orthopedic clinic nurse evaluates a 14-year-old client who was prescribed a thoracolumbosacral orthosis (TLSO) brace for idiopathic scoliosis one month ago. The caregiver reports that the client removes the brace before entering the school building and refuses to wear it around classmates. The client tearfully states, 'Everyone is constantly staring at me and judging how weird I look.' Based on principles of adolescent cognitive and psychosocial development, which nursing intervention is the priority?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Validate the client's feelings of being scrutinized and collaborate to identify brace-concealing clothing options that align with current peer trends.

Cevap

Validate the client's feelings of being scrutinized and collaborate to identify brace-concealing clothing options that align with current peer trends.
Adolescents typically experience a cognitive phenomenon known as the 'imaginary audience,' where they believe others are constantly observing and evaluating them. Because peer acceptance and body image are paramount during Erikson's stage of Identity vs. Role Confusion, the nurse must validate these developmentally normal concerns rather than dismiss them. Collaborating to find ways to conceal the medical device supports the client's autonomy, preserves their body image, and promotes adherence by aligning the medical intervention with their primary psychosocial needs.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the client's age and developmental stage.
The client is 14 years old, placing them in the adolescent stage (Erikson's Identity vs. Role Confusion and Piaget's Formal Operational stage).
Identifying the developmental stage is essential to understand the underlying psychosocial motivations for the client's non-adherence.
2
Interpret the client's statement and behavior through a developmental lens.
The fear of being stared at and judged reflects the 'imaginary audience,' a normal adolescent cognitive distortion where they believe they are the constant focus of others' attention. Peer acceptance is their primary developmental drive.
Recognizing the 'imaginary audience' explains why the client removes the brace at school despite knowing they have scoliosis.
3
Evaluate the nursing interventions to select the one that best aligns with these developmental principles.
Collaborating on brace-concealing clothing validates the client's reality and provides a solution that protects their body image and peer status, thereby increasing the likelihood of compliance.
Nursing care must adapt to the client's developmental priorities. Interventions that ignore peer acceptance will fail to achieve adherence in adolescents.

Anahtar Kavram

Adolescent Psychosocial Development and the Imaginary Audience
Soru 1314Soru →

A nurse is performing triage at the scene of a train derailment using the START (Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment) method. A victim is lying on the ground and reports being unable to walk due to severe leg pain. Assessment reveals a respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute, a strong radial pulse, and the ability to follow the command to squeeze the nurse's hand. Which of the following triage tags should the nurse assign to this victim?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Delayed (Yellow)

Cevap

Delayed (Yellow)
According to the START method, victims who cannot walk but have a respiratory rate under 30 breaths per minute, a palpable radial pulse, and the ability to obey simple commands are classified as Delayed (Yellow). They require medical attention but are stable enough to wait while immediate life threats are managed.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Assess ability to walk.
The victim is unable to walk.
This rules out the Minimal (Green) category, which is strictly for the 'walking wounded'.
2
Assess respiratory rate.
The respiratory rate is 20 breaths per minute.
A rate less than 30 breaths per minute is stable, prompting the nurse to move to the next assessment step (perfusion).
3
Assess perfusion.
A strong radial pulse is present.
Adequate circulation is confirmed, prompting the nurse to move to the final assessment step (mental status).
4
Assess mental status.
The victim can follow the command to squeeze a hand.
Because respirations, perfusion, and mental status are all within acceptable parameters but the victim cannot walk, they are categorized as Delayed (Yellow).

Anahtar Kavram

Disaster Triage (START Method)
Soru 1315Soru →

A nurse is walking through a high-traffic unit hallway and observes a visitor looking closely at an unattended computer on wheels (COW). The screen is unlocked and displays an active electronic health record (EHR) belonging to a client. Arrange the following actions the nurse should take in the correct sequence, from first to last.

Öğeleri doğru sıraya koymak için sürükleyin

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap

The nurse must first stop the active breach by redirecting the visitor, then secure the computer, notify unit leadership, and finally document the event in an incident report.
In the event of an active privacy breach under HIPAA regulations, the nurse's first priority is always to mitigate the immediate harm. This is achieved by physically blocking the unauthorized view (redirecting the visitor). The second step is to secure the source of the breach (locking the screen) to prevent recurrence. Third, the nurse must follow the chain of command by notifying the charge nurse, who will coordinate with the facility's privacy officer. Finally, the nurse must complete formal documentation (an incident or variance report) while the details are fresh, but only after the immediate threat has been neutralized.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Politely redirect the visitor away from the terminal.
The ongoing visual exposure of the client's data is stopped.
Mitigating the immediate harm and active privacy breach is the highest priority.
2
Lock the screen or log out of the EHR.
The terminal is secured against further unauthorized access.
Securing the source of the breach prevents additional individuals from viewing the information.
3
Notify the charge nurse.
Unit leadership is informed of the privacy violation.
Supervisors must be alerted to initiate formal institutional breach protocols, which may involve the facility privacy officer.
4
Complete an incident report.
The event is formally documented in the facility's risk management system.
Creating a legal record of the HIPAA violation is required, but it should only occur after the data is secured and leadership is notified.

Anahtar Kavram

Confidentiality and Information Security
Soru 1316Soru →

A client voluntarily admitted to an inpatient psychiatric unit tells the nurse during a private conversation, "When I am discharged tomorrow, I am going to shoot my former boss. I have a weapon in my car, but you cannot tell anyone because what I say in here is confidential." Which of the following actions are ethically and legally appropriate for the nurse to take? (Select all that apply.)

Geçerli olan tümünü seçin

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Document the exact statements made by the client and the observed behaviors in the medical record.; Immediately notify the attending healthcare provider and nursing supervisor regarding the specific threat.; Initiate the facility's protocol for notifying potential victims and law enforcement.

Cevap

The nurse must prioritize public safety by breaching confidentiality when there is a specific, credible threat of harm to others (duty to warn). The correct actions are documenting the exact statements, immediately notifying the provider and supervisor, and following protocols to involve law enforcement.
The principle of confidentiality is a cornerstone of nursing practice, but it is not absolute. When a client makes a specific, credible threat of violence against an identifiable individual, the nurse has an ethical and legal obligation known as the 'duty to warn' (derived from the Tarasoff ruling). This requires the healthcare team to breach confidentiality to prevent imminent harm. Ethically appropriate actions include immediately notifying the healthcare provider and supervisor, initiating facility protocols to inform law enforcement, and maintaining objective documentation of the client's exact statements in the medical record.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the ethical conflict between the client's right to confidentiality and the ethical duty of nonmaleficence.
Identify that a specific, credible threat to an identifiable third party requires a justifiable breach of confidentiality.
The established legal and ethical 'duty to warn' mandates protecting potential victims from imminent danger.
2
Determine the appropriate immediate nursing interventions.
Notify the healthcare provider, nursing supervisor, and initiate protocols for warning law enforcement and the victim.
Collaborative communication ensures legal compliance and rapidly initiates protective measures outside the facility.
3
Ensure proper legal and clinical documentation.
Record the client's exact quotes and behaviors in the electronic health record.
Accurate documentation provides a factual, objective basis for the breach of confidentiality and subsequent legal actions.

Anahtar Kavram

Ethical Limits of Confidentiality and the Duty to Warn
Soru 1317Soru →

A client admitted with measles (rubeola) is experiencing acute confusion and repeatedly attempts to climb out of bed. The client requires airborne precautions. Which action should the nurse take to ensure the client's safety while maintaining proper infection control?

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: Assign a trained safety sitter to remain inside the client's room while wearing a fit-tested N95 respirator.

Cevap

Assign a trained safety sitter to remain inside the client's room while wearing a fit-tested N95 respirator.
The correct action prioritizes the client's physical safety by providing continuous observation (a sitter) while strictly adhering to airborne infection control protocols (requiring an N95 respirator). This utilizes a less restrictive alternative to restraints without compromising the safety of the healthcare environment.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the client's clinical needs.
The client has two competing priorities: high risk for injury due to confusion and the need for strict airborne isolation for measles.
Identifying all risk factors ensures that interventions address physical safety without inadvertently breaking infection control protocols.
2
Evaluate potential safety interventions for fall prevention.
Restraints are recognized as a last resort. Less restrictive alternatives, such as 1:1 continuous observation (a sitter), must be utilized first.
Nursing standards and legal guidelines mandate the use of the least restrictive methods possible to preserve client autonomy and prevent restraint-related trauma.
3
Determine the infection control requirements for the chosen safety intervention.
The safety sitter must be stationed inside the room with the door closed and must wear an N95 respirator.
Because measles is spread via airborne droplet nuclei, the negative pressure environment must be maintained (closed door), and any personnel in the room must have appropriate respiratory protection.

Anahtar Kavram

Balancing injury prevention through least restrictive alternatives with strict adherence to transmission-based precautions.
Soru 1318Soru →

A nursing supervisor is conducting infection control rounds on a medical-surgical unit. Which of the following observed staff actions indicate appropriate adherence to transmission-based precautions? (Select all that apply.)

Geçerli olan tümünü seçin

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: A nurse wears a standard surgical mask while assessing the lung sounds of a client with Bordetella pertussis.; A nurse leaves a dedicated reusable blood pressure cuff and stethoscope inside the room of a client infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).; A nurse removes their N95 respirator in the anteroom after exiting and closing the door to the room of a client with disseminated varicella-zoster.

Cevap

The correct actions involve wearing a surgical mask for pertussis (droplet precautions), dedicating equipment for MRSA (contact precautions), and removing the N95 respirator outside the room for disseminated varicella (airborne precautions).
Appropriate infection control practices mandate droplet precautions (surgical mask) for Bordetella pertussis, contact precautions (dedicated disposable or room-restricted equipment) for MRSA, and removing an N95 respirator only after safely exiting a negative-pressure room for a client with an airborne disease like disseminated varicella.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze each client's pathogen to determine the correct category of transmission-based precautions (Contact, Droplet, or Airborne).
Pertussis = Droplet; C. difficile = Contact (Enteric); Tuberculosis = Airborne; MRSA = Contact; Influenza = Droplet; Disseminated varicella = Airborne + Contact.
Identifying the transmission route is the first step in determining appropriate infection control interventions.
2
Evaluate the specific PPE, room assignment, or transport action being performed in each option.
Surgical masks are correct for droplet. Soap and water (not alcohol) is required for enteric contact. Standard masks (not N95s) are worn by airborne clients during transport. Dedicated equipment is correct for contact. AIIRs are not used for droplet pathogens. N95 respirators are removed outside airborne isolation rooms.
Applying the specific guidelines for each isolation tier ensures patient and staff safety.

Anahtar Kavram

Appropriate application of standard and transmission-based precautions based on the specific pathogen and mode of transmission.
Tahmini Süre:1m 30s
Soru 1319Soru →

A clinical nursing educator is conducting a workshop on the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and legal mandates regarding protected health information (PHI). Which of the following statements by a participating nurse indicate a correct understanding of confidentiality protocols and permitted disclosures? Select all that apply.

Geçerli olan tümünü seçin

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap: I am permitted to share a client's medical history with a receiving skilled nursing facility during a transfer to ensure continuity of care.; I am required to breach confidentiality and alert appropriate authorities if a client communicates a credible, specific threat to physically harm a named individual.; I can discuss a client's diagnosis and treatment plan with their health insurance provider to facilitate the billing and reimbursement process.

Cevap

The statements demonstrating a correct understanding are that a nurse may share information for continuity of care during a transfer, must alert authorities about specific threats of harm to a named individual, and may share information for insurance billing purposes.
Under HIPAA regulations, nurses may disclose protected health information (PHI) for Treatment, Payment, and healthcare Operations (TPO) without separate authorization. This permits sharing information during facility transfers and with insurance providers. Additionally, legal exceptions to confidentiality exist, such as the duty to warn, which requires nurses to report specific, credible threats of violence to authorities to prevent imminent harm.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Evaluate the statement regarding facility transfer.
Information sharing for Treatment, Payment, and Operations (TPO) is permitted.
Continuity of care requires accurate and timely sharing of medical history among active providers.
2
Analyze the statements regarding abuse and neglect.
Promises of secrecy and waiting for undeniable proof are both incorrect approaches.
Nurses are mandatory reporters and must report suspected abuse immediately; they cannot promise secrecy regarding abuse or wait for definitive proof.
3
Assess the statement about threats of harm.
The statement is correct.
The duty to warn is a legal exception to HIPAA, requiring disclosure to protect specific individuals from imminent harm.
4
Evaluate the statement about insurance providers.
The statement is correct.
HIPAA allows the disclosure of PHI for payment and billing purposes without separate client authorization.

Anahtar Kavram

HIPAA Permitted Disclosures and Exceptions to Confidentiality
Soru 1320Soru →

A registered nurse (RN) is preparing to delegate the task of obtaining routine morning vital signs for a group of stable clients to an unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP). Arrange the steps of the delegation process in the correct chronological order from first to last.

Öğeleri doğru sıraya koymak için sürükleyin

Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

Cevap

The correct sequence for the delegation process is: Assess the client's stability, Communicate clear instructions, Supervise the UAP's performance, and Evaluate the outcomes.
The delegation process always begins with the RN assessing the client and the situation to ensure the task is appropriate to delegate. Following assessment, the RN must communicate clear directions and expectations. During the task, the RN maintains supervision. Finally, the RN evaluates the outcomes and provides feedback. This order ensures the Five Rights of Delegation are maintained.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the standard steps of the delegation process established by nursing regulatory bodies.
The steps are Assess and Plan, Communicate, Supervise, and Evaluate.
Understanding the sequence ensures safe and effective delegation.
2
Determine the initial action required before a task can be handed over.
The RN must first assess the client's stability and the complexity of the task.
The RN retains accountability for client care and must ensure delegation is appropriate based on current client status.
3
Sequence the remaining steps that follow the initial assessment.
Communication occurs before task execution; supervision happens during execution; evaluation and feedback occur after completion.
This chronological progression aligns with the logical flow of giving instructions, monitoring the work, and reviewing the results.

Anahtar Kavram

The delegation process consists of sequential phases: assessment and planning, communication, surveillance and supervision, and evaluation and feedback.
ÖncekiSayfa 66 / 195Sonraki
Tüm alıştırma soruları — NCLEX-RN | Examkin