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Zorluk: OrtaLogical Inferences

In marine biology, the acoustic behavior of humpback whales (*Megaptera novaeangliae*) during migration has long been studied. Researchers observed that in areas with high ambient noise from shipping lanes, the frequency of male song units shifts upward. However, when these noise levels exceed a specific threshold of 120 decibels, the whales do not continue raising their pitch; instead, they transition to visual signaling methods, such as tail-slapping. Because these visual behaviors require significantly more energy than vocalizations, scientists hypothesize that the whales' communication efficiency decreases in high-noise environments. Therefore, in shipping corridors where noise frequently exceeds 120 decibels, migratory humpback whales will likely _______

Which choice most logically completes the text?

  1. A
    experience a decrease in their mating success because visual signals are less effective than songs at attracting mates.
  2. B
    rely on visual signaling as their primary mode of communication even when noise levels drop below 120 decibels.
  3. expend more energy on communication than they would in migratory environments where shipping noise remains below 120 decibels.Cevap
  4. D
    raise the pitch of their songs beyond their physical limits to overcome the noise of the shipping lanes.

Cevap

expend more energy on communication than they would in migratory environments where shipping noise remains below 120 decibels.
The correct answer is supported by combining two key premises in the passage: first, that humpback whales switch from vocal to visual signaling when shipping noise exceeds 120 decibels, and second, that visual signaling requires significantly more energy than vocalizations. Therefore, in shipping corridors where noise regularly exceeds 120 decibels, migratory humpback whales will likely consume more energy to maintain communication than they would in quieter areas where they can rely on less demanding vocalizations.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the premises regarding whale communication behavior at different noise levels.
Whales shift vocal pitch upward in noise, but switch to visual signaling (tail-slapping) once noise exceeds 120 decibels.
Establishing the conditions under which different communication methods are used.
2
Analyze the energy cost associated with the alternative communication method.
Visual signaling requires significantly more energy than vocalizations.
Connecting the behavior of switching methods to its metabolic or energetic consequences.
3
Synthesize the premises to predict the outcome in environments where noise frequently exceeds 120 decibels.
Since whales in these areas must use visual signaling instead of vocalization, they will expend more energy to communicate than they would in quieter environments.
Drawing the only logically supported conclusion without making outside assumptions.

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