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Zorluk: OrtaCommand of Evidence: Textual

Cognitive offloading refers to the physical externalization of mental tasks, such as writing down a list of items or using a computer to store data. Cognitive psychologist Dr. Clara Ebinger conducted a study to investigate the consequences of this practice on memory. Ebinger hypothesized that while offloading information reduces the immediate cognitive demands of a task, it ultimately decreases a person's long-term recall of the offloaded information compared to when they rely solely on internal memory processes. Which choice, if true, would most directly support Ebinger's hypothesis regarding long-term recall?

  1. When tested twenty-four hours after the study session without access to any external aids, participants who had written down the target word list recalled significantly fewer words than did participants who had memorized the list using only internal mental strategies.Cevap
  2. B
    During the initial study session, participants who wrote down the target word list completed the memorization task much faster and reported lower levels of mental effort than did those who memorized the list internally.
  3. C
    Most cognitive tasks that involve external tools, such as calculators or writing utensils, are inherently easier to perform and lead to higher satisfaction than tasks relying purely on internal memory.
  4. D
    Participants who regularly use digital calendars and note-taking apps in their daily lives generally perform better on standard memory tests than do those who rarely use external memory aids.

Cevap

When tested twenty-four hours after the study session without access to any external aids, participants who had written down the target word list recalled significantly fewer words than did participants who had memorized the list using only internal mental strategies.
The correct answer is the option stating that participants who had written down the target word list recalled significantly fewer words after twenty-four hours than those who used internal strategies. This finding directly supports the hypothesis that offloading information reduces long-term recall of that information because it shows a clear deficit in memory for the group that offloaded.

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1
Identify the core hypothesis to be supported.
The hypothesis is that cognitive offloading (externalizing mental tasks) decreases a person's long-term recall of the offloaded information compared to using internal memory.
To support this hypothesis, the correct option must present evidence showing that participants who offloaded information had worse long-term recall of that information than those who did not offload it.
2
Evaluate the choices to find which one shows a negative effect of offloading on long-term memory.
The option stating that participants who wrote down the word list recalled fewer words after twenty-four hours directly supports this claim.
This option compares the long-term recall of offloaders (written down) vs. non-offloaders (internal memory) and shows the offloaders performed worse.
3
Verify that the other choices do not support the specific claim about long-term recall.
The other choices either support an unrelated claim (immediate effort reduction), make an overbroad generalization, or rely on speculative external correlations.
Eliminating distractors ensures that the selected option is the only one that directly and logically supports the target hypothesis.

Anahtar Kavram

Identifying textual evidence that supports a specific hypothesis or claim.
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Konular

Command of Evidence: Textual

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