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Zorluk: OrtaCommand of Evidence: Textual

In many North American forests, the invasive shrub *Lonicera maackii* (Amur honeysuckle) has largely replaced native understory plants. Ecologist Dr. Karen Cho and her team hypothesized that nesting in *L. maackii* increases the predation risk for native songbirds. According to Cho, the rigid, upright branch architecture of *L. maackii* prevents birds from building nests at the higher, more secure heights they typically select in native shrubs, thereby leaving the nests accessible to ground-dwelling predators. Which choice, if true, would most directly support Cho’s hypothesis?

  1. A
    Songbirds in forests with high densities of *L. maackii* began nesting earlier in the spring than songbirds in forests dominated by native shrubs.
  2. B
    Ground-dwelling predators in forests with *L. maackii* spent more time searching for food in native shrubs than they did in the invasive shrubs.
  3. Songbird nests constructed in *L. maackii* were found at an average height of 0.8 meters and experienced high predation rates, whereas nests in native shrubs were found at an average height of 2.1 meters and experienced much lower predation rates.Cevap
  4. D
    Nests built in both native shrubs and *L. maackii* at heights above 2.0 meters experienced similarly high rates of predation by climbing predators.

Cevap

The statement showing that songbird nests in the invasive shrub were built closer to the ground and suffered higher predation than nests in native shrubs.
The correct answer provides direct evidence that supports the hypothesis by showing a clear link between the lower nesting height imposed by the invasive shrub and a higher rate of predation compared to the native vegetation.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the core hypothesis in the passage.
Cho's hypothesis is that the structure of the invasive shrub forces songbirds to nest closer to the ground, making them more vulnerable to ground-dwelling predators than they would be in native shrubs.
To evaluate the choices, we must first define the specific causal claim (branch structure -> lower nest height -> higher ground predation).
2
Evaluate the choices to find evidence linking nest height, shrub type, and predation.
The correct choice shows that nests in the invasive shrub were indeed lower (0.8 meters vs. 2.1 meters) and suffered higher predation than nests in native shrubs.
This finding provides direct empirical support for both components of the hypothesis: the lower nest placement and the resulting increase in predation.

Anahtar Kavram

Command of Evidence: Textual
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Command of Evidence: Textual

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