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Soru

Zorluk: OrtaCommand of Evidence: Textual

Many plant species produce secondary metabolites to deter herbivores. Ecologist Elena Rostova and her team hypothesized that the subalpine shrub *Salix polaris* increases its production of salicylic acid—a defensive chemical—not as a direct response to physical leaf damage from herbivores, but rather in response to airborne chemical cues released by neighboring *Salix polaris* plants that are currently undergoing herbivore attacks. Which finding, if true, would most directly support the team's hypothesis?

  1. *Salix polaris* plants that were physically isolated but shared air connectivity with grazed neighbors exhibited a significant increase in salicylic acid production, whereas isolated plants subjected only to mechanical leaf wounding did not.Cevap
  2. B
    *Salix polaris* plants that produced the highest levels of salicylic acid over a growing season experienced significantly less overall leaf damage from herbivores than did plants with lower levels of the chemical.
  3. C
    Insect herbivores in the subalpine region preferentially feed on other shrub species that lack defensive secondary metabolites when *Salix polaris* plants are nearby.
  4. D
    Isolated *Salix polaris* plants showed a rapid increase in salicylic acid levels immediately after their leaves were mechanically damaged by researchers to simulate grazing.

Cevap

The finding that *Salix polaris* plants sharing air connectivity with grazed neighbors showed increased salicylic acid production, while isolated plants with mechanical leaf damage did not, most directly supports the hypothesis.
The option describing plants that showed increased salicylic acid production when sharing air with grazed neighbors but not when mechanically wounded is correct because it directly tests and supports both parts of the team's hypothesis: that airborne cues from neighbors trigger the defense, and that physical damage alone does not.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the core hypothesis being tested.
The hypothesis is that *Salix polaris* increases defensive chemical production in response to airborne cues from neighbors, not direct physical damage.
To evaluate the evidence, we must first define the specific claim that needs to be supported.
2
Analyze each option to see if it isolates the variables in the hypothesis.
The correct option must isolate airborne cues from neighbors (showing they trigger defense) and physical damage (showing it does not trigger defense on its own).
Isolating these variables is necessary to establish the causal relationship proposed by the researchers.
3
Select the option that confirms both components of the hypothesis.
The option comparing isolated plants sharing air with grazed neighbors to isolated wounded plants confirms both parts of the hypothesis.
This comparison demonstrates that airborne communication is the trigger rather than direct physical damage.

Anahtar Kavram

Identifying textual evidence that directly supports a scientific claim by isolating and validating proposed causal relationships.
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Konular

Command of Evidence: Textual

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