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Zorluk: OrtaCommand of Evidence: Textual

Botanist Dr. Chloe Danvers investigated the relationship between mycorrhizal fungi and the drought tolerance of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum\textit{Solanum lycopersicum}). Danvers hypothesized that although mycorrhizal fungi generally enhance water absorption by expanding a plant’s root surface area, high soil phosphorus levels suppress this symbiotic relationship, thereby rendering the fungi less effective at helping the plants survive dry periods. Which choice, if true, would most directly support Danvers’s hypothesis?

  1. A
    In well-watered environments, tomato plants grown in high-phosphorus soil grew taller and produced more foliage than plants grown in low-phosphorus soil, regardless of whether they were inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi.
  2. B
    Mycorrhizal fungi are likely the single most important factor determining tomato crop yields worldwide, suggesting that farmers should prioritize fungal inoculation over all other soil treatments.
  3. Under drought conditions, inoculated tomato plants grown in low-phosphorus soil had a significantly higher survival rate than uninoculated plants, whereas inoculated and uninoculated plants grown in high-phosphorus soil showed no significant difference in survival.Cevap
  4. D
    Under drought conditions, uninoculated tomato plants grown in low-phosphorus soil survived longer than inoculated plants grown in the same soil, showing that mycorrhizal fungi actively hinder water absorption.

Cevap

Under drought conditions, inoculated tomato plants grown in low-phosphorus soil had a significantly higher survival rate than uninoculated plants, whereas inoculated and uninoculated plants grown in high-phosphorus soil showed no significant difference in survival.
The correct answer directly supports the hypothesis by showing that the symbiotic relationship is active and beneficial in low-phosphorus soils (where inoculated plants survived drought better than uninoculated ones) but is suppressed and ineffective in high-phosphorus soils (where inoculation provided no survival benefit).

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the researcher's main hypothesis from the passage.
The hypothesis is that mycorrhizal fungi help plants survive drought, but high phosphorus levels in the soil suppress this symbiotic relationship, making the fungi less effective in dry conditions.
Understanding the specific components of the claim is necessary to identify what evidence would support it.
2
Determine what findings would support both parts of the hypothesis.
Supporting evidence must show that inoculated plants survive drought better than uninoculated plants when phosphorus is low, and that this survival advantage disappears or is reduced when phosphorus is high.
This establishes the logical criteria that the correct answer choice must meet.
3
Evaluate the choices against the determined criteria.
The finding that inoculated plants survived better than uninoculated plants only under low-phosphorus drought conditions, with no difference in high-phosphorus conditions, matches the hypothesis perfectly.
Evaluating each option ensures we find the one that directly provides the textual evidence required.

Anahtar Kavram

Identifying textual evidence that directly supports a specific scientific claim.
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Konular

Command of Evidence: Textual

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