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Zorluk: KolayCommand of Evidence: Textual

In a study of plant-pollinator interactions, botanist Dr. Elena Rostova examined *Campanula alpina*, an alpine wildflower, and its primary pollinator, the bumblebee *Bombus alpinus*. Rostova hypothesized that *C. alpina* flowers temporarily increase their nectar sugar concentration in response to the acoustic vibrations produced by the wings of approaching bees, which encourages bees to spend more time feeding on individual flowers.

Which choice, if true, would most directly support Rostova's hypothesis?

  1. A
    Bumblebees visited *Campanula alpina* flowers more frequently in the morning when ambient temperatures were lower, regardless of nectar levels.
  2. B
    *Campanula alpina* flowers that were prevented from vibrating produced the same amount of nectar sugar as flowers that were allowed to vibrate naturally.
  3. *Campanula alpina* flowers exposed to synthetic vibrations replicating bumblebee wingbeats showed a rapid increase in nectar sugar concentration, and bumblebees spent more time on these flowers than on flowers that did not receive vibrations.Cevap
  4. D
    Other species of alpine wildflowers that do not rely on bumblebee pollination have higher baseline nectar concentrations than *Campanula alpina*.

Cevap

The finding that *Campanula alpina* flowers exposed to vibrations showed an increase in nectar sugar concentration and that bumblebees spent more time on those flowers.
The correct answer directly supports the hypothesis by showing that replicating the proposed cause (bumblebee wing vibrations) leads to the proposed effect (increased nectar sugar concentration) and that this change correlates with the hypothesized outcome (longer bumblebee visits).

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the key components of the botanist's hypothesis.
The hypothesis posits a causal chain: wing vibrations of approaching bumblebees cause the flowers to increase nectar sugar concentration, which then leads to longer bumblebee visits.
Understanding the specific mechanism hypothesized is necessary to find evidence that supports it.
2
Evaluate the choices to see which one provides evidence for both links in the causal chain.
The correct choice shows that exposing flowers to wing-like vibrations increases nectar sugar concentration (the response to the cause) and that bumblebees spend more time on these vibration-exposed flowers (the final effect).
Supporting evidence must directly connect the cause (vibrations) to the intermediate effect (increased nectar sugar) and the final effect (longer visit times).

Anahtar Kavram

Identifying textual evidence that supports a scientific claim or hypothesis.
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