In a study of plant-pollinator interactions, botanist Dr. Elena Rostova examined *Campanula alpina*, an alpine wildflower, and its primary pollinator, the bumblebee *Bombus alpinus*. Rostova hypothesized that *C. alpina* flowers temporarily increase their nectar sugar concentration in response to the acoustic vibrations produced by the wings of approaching bees, which encourages bees to spend more time feeding on individual flowers.
Which choice, if true, would most directly support Rostova's hypothesis?
- ABumblebees visited *Campanula alpina* flowers more frequently in the morning when ambient temperatures were lower, regardless of nectar levels.
- B*Campanula alpina* flowers that were prevented from vibrating produced the same amount of nectar sugar as flowers that were allowed to vibrate naturally.
- *Campanula alpina* flowers exposed to synthetic vibrations replicating bumblebee wingbeats showed a rapid increase in nectar sugar concentration, and bumblebees spent more time on these flowers than on flowers that did not receive vibrations.Cevap
- DOther species of alpine wildflowers that do not rely on bumblebee pollination have higher baseline nectar concentrations than *Campanula alpina*.
Cevap
The finding that *Campanula alpina* flowers exposed to vibrations showed an increase in nectar sugar concentration and that bumblebees spent more time on those flowers.
The correct answer directly supports the hypothesis by showing that replicating the proposed cause (bumblebee wing vibrations) leads to the proposed effect (increased nectar sugar concentration) and that this change correlates with the hypothesized outcome (longer bumblebee visits).
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Identifying textual evidence that supports a scientific claim or hypothesis.