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Zorluk: ZorVerb Tense, Aspect, and Mood

By the time chemist Alice Ball began her pioneering research in 1915 on treatments for Hansen's disease, physicians _______ chaulmoogra oil topically for decades, despite its limited efficacy. Ball's breakthrough method of isolating the oil's active ethyl esters allowed for an injectable treatment that proved far more effective.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

  1. had administeredCevap
  2. B
    have administered
  3. C
    administered
  4. D
    administer

Cevap

had administered
The correct answer uses the past perfect tense ('had administered') because it describes an action that occurred prior to another action in the past ('began'). The phrase 'By the time' followed by a simple past verb typically requires the past perfect in the main clause to show the relative sequencing of the events.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the temporal context of the sentence.
The verbs 'began' and 'allowed' establish a narrative timeline set in the past.
This sets the reference point for all other actions in the sentence.
2
Identify the relationship between the blank and the rest of the sentence.
The blank describes an action (physicians administering chaulmoogra oil) that occurred 'for decades' leading up to the past reference point ('began' in 1915).
This establishes that the action in the blank was completed or ongoing prior to another past event.
3
Select the verb tense that represents an action occurring before another past action.
The past perfect tense ('had administered') correctly signals this relationship.
Standard English grammar uses the past perfect tense for the earlier of two past events.

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Verb Tense, Aspect, and Mood
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Verb Tense, Aspect, and Mood

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