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Zorluk: OrtaCommand of Evidence: Textual

Ecologist Dr. Hiroshi Tanaka investigated the effects of artificial light at night (ALAN) on the foraging behavior of nocturnal moths, which serve as crucial pollinators for several wild flower species. While some researchers suggest that ALAN simply suppresses all nocturnal activity in moths, Tanaka hypothesized that light pollution reduces pollination efficiency specifically by altering host-plant selection rather than by reducing the moths' overall active foraging time. Which choice, if true, would most directly support Tanaka's hypothesis?

  1. In a controlled experiment, moths exposed to ALAN spent the same total amount of time foraging as moths in dark conditions, but visited a significantly wider variety of non-host plant species that they typically avoid.Cevap
  2. B
    Moths in environments with high levels of ALAN exhibited a fifty percent reduction in the total duration of their nightly flight and foraging activities compared to moths in dark environments.
  3. C
    Moths exposed to ALAN showed a preference for host plants that grew in urban soils, suggesting that soil chemistry is the primary factor influencing moth foraging choices.
  4. D
    Artificial light at night caused host plants to bloom earlier in the season, which prevented moths from locating them during their typical flight periods.

Cevap

The choice stating that moths under artificial light spent the same amount of time foraging but visited a wider variety of non-host plant species.
The correct option directly aligns with Tanaka's hypothesis because it demonstrates that while the overall duration of foraging activity was unaffected by the presence of ALAN, the moths shifted their behavioral target from their typical host plants to non-host plant species. This confirms that the drop in pollination efficiency is driven by altered host-plant selection rather than a decline in foraging duration.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the core hypothesis of the researcher.
Tanaka's hypothesis states that ALAN reduces pollination efficiency by altering host-plant selection rather than by reducing overall active foraging time.
Understanding the precise elements of the claim is necessary to identify what evidence would support it.
2
Define the criteria for supporting evidence.
The correct evidence must show two things: moth activity levels (time foraging) remain constant or unchanged, but the types of plants they select to visit change.
This isolates the mechanism of host-plant selection change from simple activity reduction.
3
Evaluate the choices against the defined criteria.
The option showing equal foraging time but an increased visitation of non-host plants satisfies both criteria, confirming it as the correct support.
It directly matches both the positive claim (altered host selection) and the negative qualification (not reduced activity levels).

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Command of Evidence: Textual
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Command of Evidence: Textual

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