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Zorluk: Çok zorCommand of Evidence: Textual

In historical linguistics, the 'structural borrowing threshold' hypothesis suggests that syntax is highly resilient to external influence, meaning that when two unrelated languages coexist, lexical borrowing (words) will occur long before syntactic borrowing (sentence structure). Linguist Dr. Aris Thorne investigated two genetically unrelated languages, Language A and Language B, which have coexisted in close proximity in the mountain regions of Papua New Guinea for several centuries. Thorne claimed that while the two languages have exchanged a vast amount of vocabulary, their core syntactic structures—specifically verb-object ordering and tense-aspect marking—remained completely unaffected by this long-term contact.

Which finding, if true, would most directly weaken Thorne's claim?

  1. A
    Language A and Language B both possess tense-aspect marking systems that do not exist in any other language families in the region, suggesting a common origin.
  2. B
    Speakers of Language B show a significantly higher rate of lexical borrowing from Language A than speakers of Language A show from Language B.
  3. Historical linguistic reconstructions show that Language A's verb-object ordering was exclusively verb-final until a period of widespread bilingualism with speakers of Language B, after which Language A adopted the verb-initial structure characteristic of Language B.Cevap
  4. D
    Linguists have found that languages with verb-initial word orders are inherently more susceptible to grammatical changes over time than languages with verb-final word orders.

Cevap

The correct option is the one stating that historical linguistic reconstructions show Language A's verb-object ordering shifted from verb-final to verb-initial (matching Language B) following widespread bilingualism. This directly demonstrates contact-induced syntactic borrowing, thereby refuting the claim that syntax remained completely unaffected.
The correct option is supported by historical linguistic reconstructions showing a shift in Language A's verb-object ordering to match Language B's structure after contact. This provides empirical evidence that syntactic structures were not completely unaffected by the contact, directly weakening the claim.

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1
Identify the core claim made by Dr. Aris Thorne in the passage.
Thorne claims that although Language A and Language B exchanged vocabulary, their core syntactic structures (verb-object ordering and tense-aspect marking) remained completely unaffected by their long-term contact.
Understanding the claim is necessary to determine what evidence would weaken it.
2
Determine what type of evidence would weaken this claim.
Evidence showing that either Language A or Language B's syntax (specifically verb-object ordering or tense-aspect marking) was indeed modified or borrowed due to contact with the other language.
This establishes the logical criteria for the correct answer.
3
Evaluate the choices to find the one matching the logical criteria.
The finding that Language A changed its verb-object ordering from verb-final to verb-initial (matching Language B) following a period of bilingualism directly demonstrates syntactic borrowing, which invalidates the claim of syntactic resilience.
This identifies the correct option based on the criteria established in Step 2.

Anahtar Kavram

Identifying textual evidence that directly undermines or weakens a specific scientific or academic claim within a passage.
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