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Zorluk: ZorCommand of Evidence: Textual

Historian Dr. Aris Thorne investigated the agricultural transition in sixteenth-century Denmark during the Little Ice Age. Many scholars argue that Danish farmers rapidly shifted from grain cultivation to livestock and dairy farming as a direct, widespread adaptation to mitigate crop failures caused by cooling temperatures. Thorne, however, contends that this transition was not primarily a defensive response to climate change. Instead, he argues that the shift was a gradual progression driven chiefly by changing European trade tariffs and rising urban market demand for meat.

Which choice, if true, would most directly support Thorne's argument?

  1. A
    Climatological reconstructions of sixteenth-century Denmark indicate that average growing season temperatures fell by 1.2C1.2^\circ\text{C}, leading to widespread crop failures and a substantial reduction in the country's total grain yields.
  2. B
    Sixteenth-century Danish farmers frequently recorded in personal diaries that they preferred grain farming over livestock rearing because livestock required more complex infrastructure and veterinary care.
  3. Danish agricultural ledgers from the late sixteenth century show that livestock production rose significantly only in regions with direct access to major export ports where tariffs on meat had been reduced, while landlocked regions experiencing the same temperature declines maintained their pre-existing levels of grain cultivation.Cevap
  4. D
    Danish royal decrees from the sixteenth century show that the crown banned all grain exports to neighboring countries, which immediately halted the transition to livestock farming in coastal regions.

Cevap

The correct option is the one stating that Danish agricultural ledgers show livestock production rising only in regions with direct access to major export ports where tariffs on meat had been reduced, while landlocked regions experiencing the same temperature declines maintained their pre-existing levels of grain cultivation.
The correct option supports the claim that the transition to livestock and dairy farming was driven by trade tariffs and urban demand rather than climate change. By showing that the transition occurred only in regions with access to major export ports where tariffs had been reduced, while landlocked regions experiencing the same temperature drop maintained grain production, the finding demonstrates a direct link to tariff changes while holding climate constant.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the researcher's central claim.
Dr. Thorne argues that the shift from grain to livestock in Denmark was driven by trade tariffs and market demand, rather than being a direct response to climate cooling.
To find supporting evidence, we must first isolate the exact argument that needs to be supported.
2
Evaluate the options for evidence linking the transition to trade tariffs and market demand.
The option concerning regions with reduced tariffs shows a direct correlation between tariff reductions and increased livestock production, while controlling for temperature decline.
This serves as a controlled comparison showing that trade variables, not climate variables, determined the agricultural shift.
3
Eliminate choices that support the opposing view or introduce unrelated details.
The option about temperature drops supports the climate argument; the option about diaries introduces speculative preferences; the option about export bans contradicts the transition.
Distractors either fail to support Thorne's specific claim or conflict with the passage's premises.

Anahtar Kavram

Analyzing textual evidence to evaluate historical and scientific claims.
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