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Zorluk: OrtaLogical Inferences

Hydrothermal vent chimneys form when mineral-rich fluids precipitate in cold ocean water. Researchers historically assumed that chimney growth rates depend primarily on venting fluid temperature, with hotter fluids driving faster precipitation. However, geochemist Elena Vance and colleagues analyzed vents along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and observed that chimneys exposed to moderate-temperature fluids (200∘C200^\circ\text{C} to 280∘C280^\circ\text{C}) grew just as quickly as those exposed to ultra-hot fluids (above 350∘C350^\circ\text{C}). The team found that moderate-temperature fluids contain much higher concentrations of dissolved sulfides, which precipitate immediately upon seawater contact, whereas ultra-hot fluids contain minerals that remain dissolved longer at high pressures. Which choice most logically completes the text?

  1. A
    hydrothermal chimneys formed by ultra-hot fluids will eventually decay faster than those formed by moderate-temperature fluids.
  2. B
    the physical size of a hydrothermal chimney is the primary indicator of the depth of the vent system.
  3. the temperature of venting fluids is not the sole factor determining how quickly hydrothermal chimneys grow.Cevap
  4. D
    dissolved sulfides only precipitate when venting fluids reach a temperature of at least 350∘C350^\circ\text{C}.

Cevap

the temperature of venting fluids is not the sole factor determining how quickly hydrothermal chimneys grow.
The correct option is supported because the passage directly challenges the assumption that venting fluid temperature is the main driver of chimney growth rate. By demonstrating that moderate-temperature fluids can produce growth rates equal to or higher than ultra-hot fluids due to mineral composition, the text logically implies that temperature is not the sole factor determining growth speed.

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1
Analyze the premises in the text.
The text states that researchers assumed hotter venting fluids lead to faster chimney growth. However, chimneys exposed to moderate-temperature fluids grew just as fast as those exposed to ultra-hot fluids because moderate-temperature fluids contain higher concentrations of dissolved sulfides.
Understanding the core contradiction of the study helps identify what logical conclusion must follow.
2
Identify the logical inference supported by these premises.
Since moderate-temperature fluids can produce comparable growth rates to ultra-hot ones, fluid temperature alone cannot determine growth rate.
Synthesizing the contrast between temperature and mineral concentration leads directly to the conclusion.

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Logical Inferences
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