Tüm alıştırma soruları

Text 1
Many conservationists advocate for active forest restoration, arguing that planting a diverse mix of native tree species is essential to accelerate canopy recovery and prevent soil erosion in degraded lands. According to this view, relying solely on natural regeneration is risky and slow, as invasive weeds and altered soil chemistry often stall the growth of native species. Consequently, intensive human intervention—such as soil preparation and seedling planting—is presented as the only reliable path to restore functional, resilient forest ecosystems in a reasonable timeframe.

Text 2
Conversely, ecologists like Dr. Clara Alvarez caution against the widespread preference for active restoration. Alvarez argues that natural regeneration—allowing forests to recover on their own—frequently yields ecosystems that are more genetically diverse and better adapted to local microclimates than those planted by humans. Furthermore, active restoration projects often favor fast-growing species that may not support the complex web of local wildlife, leading to homogenous forests. Alvarez suggests that instead of immediately planting trees, managers should first remove barriers to natural recovery, such as livestock grazing, and allow the land to heal itself.

Based on the texts, how would Dr. Clara Alvarez (Text 2) most likely respond to the claim in Text 1 that intensive human intervention is the only reliable path to restore functional forest ecosystems?

Many computational linguists have developed sophisticated algorithms to analyze sign frequencies in the Indus script, arguing that statistical patterns alone can reveal its structure. ______ these mathematical models have struggled to identify syntax without the aid of a bilingual text, prompting researchers to integrate archaeological evidence into their analyses.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Ancient Roman builders achieved extraordinary structural durability in maritime concrete structures, such as piers and breakwaters, by utilizing a specific mix of volcanic ash known as pozzolana. Unlike modern Portland concrete, which degrades when exposed to seawater, Roman concrete undergoes a beneficial chemical reaction upon contact with saline ocean water. Specifically, the seawater dissolves the volcanic crystals and tuffs within the concrete, which subsequently recrystallizes as a rare mineral called aluminous tobermorite. This mineral reinforces the cohesive structure of the concrete over centuries, rather than weakening it. Consequently, instead of eroding, Roman maritime concrete structures actually grow stronger over time when submerged in marine environments.

Based on the text, what is true of Roman maritime concrete when it is exposed to seawater?

A local library recorded the number of books checked out by 9 patrons on a certain day. The numbers of books checked out were:

If a 10th patron who checked out $x$ books is included, the mean of the numbers of books checked out by the 10 patrons is equal to the median of the numbers of books checked out by the 10 patrons. If $x$ is a positive integer, what is the value of $x$?

To reduce urban heat island effects, municipal planners in Tokyo have extensively promoted the installation of green roofs, which utilize vegetation to absorb sunlight and cool buildings. These green installations require significant initial capital and ongoing irrigation maintenance, making them difficult to implement widely in lower-income districts. ______ reflective cool roofs, which simply use light-colored paint to redirect solar radiation, offer a far more cost-effective alternative that can be rapidly deployed across diverse neighborhoods.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A quadratic function $f$ is defined by $f(x) = a(x - 4)(x - k)$, where $a$ and $k$ are constants. In the $xy$-plane, the graph of $y = f(x)$ has its vertex at $(6, 12)$. What is the value of $k$?

A software developer recorded the number of software bugs resolved each day for 20 days, as shown in the table below.

On the 21st day, the developer resolved 10 bugs. Which of the following statements best describes the effect of this new data point on the mean and the median of the dataset?

The following passage discusses urban climate interventions. Which word completes the text with the most logical and precise meaning?

An investment account and a savings account are opened at the same time. The value of the investment account, in dollars, is modeled by the function $I(t) = 5,000(1.08)^t$, where $t$ is the number of years since the account was opened. The value of the savings account increases linearly by $\$400$ each year, starting with an initial deposit of $\$5,000$. What is the difference, in dollars, between the value of the investment account and the value of the savings account $2$ years after they are opened?

A rectangular garden has a length of $12$ feet and a width of $5$ feet. A gardener wants to place a straight wooden diagonal walk from one corner of the garden to the opposite corner. What is the length, in feet, of the diagonal walk?

Which transition word or phrase most logically connects the two sentences in the passage below?

In conservation chemistry, researchers analyzing seventeenth-century European oil paintings noticed that yellow paint layers containing lead-tin yellow (type I) show significantly less degradation in high-humidity environments than do those containing type II lead-tin yellow. The researchers determined that type I lead-tin yellow contains a high crystalline silicon dioxide fraction, which forms a protective matrix around the lead carboxylate complexes that are prone to moisture-induced degradation. Conversely, type II lead-tin yellow lacks this high crystalline silicon dioxide content, leaving its carboxylate complexes fully exposed to ambient water molecules.

Which choice most logically completes the text?

While preparing a presentation on geomorphology, a student took the following notes:
* Lichenometry is a scientific method used to estimate the age of exposed rock surfaces.
* It relies on measuring the growth of specific lichen species.
* Austrian scientist Roland Beschel developed the technique in the 1950s.
* It is commonly applied in geomorphology and archaeology.
* It helps researchers date geological events like rockfalls and historical structures.

The student wants to introduce lichenometry to an audience unfamiliar with the technique. Which choice most effectively uses information from the given notes to accomplish this goal?

The Venus flytrap (*Dionaea muscipula*) employs a sophisticated mechanism to avoid wasting energy on non-prey stimuli, such as falling raindrops or windblown debris. The plant's trap consists of two lobes with sensitive trigger hairs on their inner surfaces. In order to initiate closure, a stimulus must touch two different hairs within a twenty-second window, or a single hair twice in rapid succession. This dual-touch requirement prevents the leaf from snapping shut on inanimate objects that are unlikely to trigger a second contact. Consequently, the plant conserves its limited metabolic resources for actual prey capture and digestion.

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?

The graph of the quadratic function $f$ in the $xy$-plane is a parabola. If $f(-3) = -2$ and $f(7) = -2$, what is the $x$-coordinate of the vertex of the parabola?

An acute angle $\theta$ in a right triangle satisfies $\cos(\theta) = \frac{3}{5}$. If $\phi$ is the other acute angle of the triangle, what is the value of $\sin(\phi) \tan(\theta)$?

In cognitive psychology, the concept of 'selective attention' refers to the human brain's ability to focus cognitive resources on a single sensory stimulus while successfully filtering out other competing inputs from the environment. _______, during a crowded and noisy social gathering, a person can easily maintain a coherent conversation with a single speaker while completely ignoring the surrounding cacophony of background chatter, music, and clinking glasses.

Which choice completes the passage with the most logical transition?

While preparing a presentation on earth science, a student took the following notes:
* Speleology is the scientific study of caves and other karst features, including their structure, biology, and formation.
* The term is derived from the Greek words spelaion (meaning "cave") and logos (meaning "study").
* Speleologists study speleothems, which are mineral deposits like stalactites and stalagmites.
* Édouard-Alfred Martel is considered the founder of modern speleology due to his extensive explorations in the late nineteenth century.
* In 1895, Martel established the Société de Spéléologie, the world's first cave exploration society.

The student wants to provide a definition of speleology. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

The function $f$ is defined by $f(x) = |x - 6| + 3$. In the $xy$-plane, the graph of the function $g$ is obtained by reflecting the graph of $f$ across the $x$-axis and then translating it vertically upward by 11 units. If $g(a) = 0$ and $a > 0$, what is the value of $a$?

For centuries, urban architecture was constrained by the load-bearing capacity of masonry walls, which required thicker bases to support taller structures. By introducing structural steel framing in the late nineteenth century, architects could distribute a building's weight to an internal skeleton rather than its exterior walls. This innovation allowed for unprecedented height and larger window openings, transforming city skylines. Consequently, the reliance on heavy stone foundations diminished, paving the way for the modern curtain-wall design that defines contemporary high-rises.

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?