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Zorluk: ZorMarket Participants and Investor Classifications

A compliance analyst is conducting a training module on market participant functional roles and investor eligibility definitions established by federal securities regulations. Which of the following statements regarding investor classifications and financial entity operations are correct?

  1. A Qualified Institutional Buyer (QIB) must be an institutional investor that owns and invests at least $100 million in securities of non-affiliated issuers on a discretionary basis.Cevap
  2. B
    An individual investor with a net worth exceeding $1 million, including the equity in their primary residence, automatically qualifies as a Qualified Institutional Buyer under Rule 144A.
  3. When a broker-dealer operates in a dealer (principal) capacity, it executes trades for its own account and receives compensation through a mark-up or mark-down.Cevap
  4. D
    The Depository Trust Company (DTC) operates as the primary clearinghouse responsible for trade netting and trade execution guarantees for corporate equity markets.

Cevap

The statements identifying the $100 million discretionary securities threshold for Qualified Institutional Buyers and describing a broker-dealer acting as a principal charging mark-ups or mark-downs are correct.
The statement regarding Qualified Institutional Buyers correctly specifies the $100 million discretionary securities investment threshold for institutions under Rule 144A. Furthermore, the statement describing principal transactions accurately reflects that dealers trade for their own accounts and earn compensation via mark-ups or mark-downs rather than commissions.

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1
Analyze institutional investor qualification standards under Rule 144A.
Confirm that QIB status requires an institution holding at least $100 million in unaffiliated securities, and verify that natural persons are excluded from QIB classification.
Rule 144A strictly reserves QIB eligibility for institutional entities meeting the $100 million discretionary portfolio threshold.
2
Evaluate broker-dealer capacity and compensation structures.
Confirm that acting as a principal/dealer involves trading from proprietary inventory and earning a mark-up/mark-down.
Broker capacity involves acting as an agent for commissions, whereas dealer capacity involves trading as a principal for mark-ups or mark-downs.
3
Differentiate clearing and depository clearinghouse entities within DTCC.
Identify NSCC as the clearing and trade-netting organization and DTC as the central securities depository.
Attributing trade clearance, netting, and settlement guarantees to DTC confuses its central custody function with NSCC's clearing function.

Anahtar Kavram

Market Participant Roles and Institutional Investor Eligibility
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Market Participants and Investor Classifications

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