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Zorluk: OrtaNon-Systematic and Credit Risks

Match each specific category of non-systematic or credit risk to the corporate investor scenario that most accurately demonstrates its impact.

  • Business RiskA manufacturing firm suffers a steep drop in operating income following a major product recall and loss of market share, independent of its debt levels.
  • Financial RiskA corporation carrying an exceptionally high debt-to-equity ratio experiences severe cash flow strain when servicing fixed debt interest during an industry slowdown.
  • Credit (Default) RiskA corporate debenture issuer fails to make a scheduled semi-annual coupon payment, leading rating agencies to downgrade the debt to default status.
  • Liquidity RiskAn institutional investor holding an unrated, specialized municipal issue struggles to find an active buyer in the secondary market without taking a large price concession.

Cevap

Business Risk matches the scenario involving operating income loss from product recall; Financial Risk matches the highly leveraged firm struggling with fixed interest obligations; Credit (Default) Risk matches the issuer missing scheduled coupon payments; Liquidity Risk matches the difficulty selling an unrated municipal security without a steep price discount.
Each risk category directly matches its operational definition: Business risk reflects operational disruption (product recall), financial risk reflects excessive leverage obligations, credit risk reflects contractual payment default, and liquidity risk reflects secondary market trading difficulty.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the operational issue vs. capital structure factors.
Product recalls and operating income declines represent core business (operating) risk, independent of debt levels.
Business risk relates directly to commercial management and market operations.
2
Evaluate the impact of high debt-to-equity ratios.
High debt load creating difficulty servicing fixed interest payments represents financial risk.
Financial risk stems from capital structure decisions and leverage.
3
Identify non-payment of debt interest.
Failure to pay scheduled coupons on debentures represents credit or default risk.
Credit risk measures the probability of default on contractual debt payments.
4
Assess secondary market transaction friction.
Inability to sell a thin issue quickly without discounting price represents liquidity risk.
Liquidity risk concerns marketability and speed of conversion to cash.

Anahtar Kavram

Categorization of Non-Systematic and Credit Risks
Tahmini Süre:1m 30s
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