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Kalinga temple architecture represents a distinct regional sub-style of Nagara architecture, which evolved through well-defined structural and stylistic phases over several centuries. Arrange the following iconic state heritage temples of Odisha in chronological order of their construction, starting from the earliest to the latest:

  1. 1Parasurameswara Temple, Bhubaneswar
  2. 2Mukteswara Temple, Bhubaneswar
  3. 3Lingaraja Temple, Bhubaneswar
  4. 4Sun Temple, Konark

Cevap

The correct chronological sequence of construction is: Parasurameswara Temple (7th century CE), Mukteswara Temple (10th century CE), Lingaraja Temple (11th century CE), and Sun Temple at Konark (13th century CE).
The correct sequence reflects the historical progression of Kalinga temple architecture: Parasurameswara Temple (7th century CE) represents the early phase, Mukteswara Temple (10th century CE) represents the transitional phase, Lingaraja Temple (11th century CE) marks the mature phase, and the Konark Sun Temple (13th century CE) represents the ultimate pinnacle of the style.

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1
Determine the era of Parasurameswara Temple.
Built c. 7th century CE during the Sailodbhava period.
It represents the early Kalinga style featuring squat deula towers and heavy relief sculptures.
2
Determine the era of Mukteswara Temple.
Built c. late 10th century CE during Somavamshi patronage.
It acts as the bridge/transition between early and mature Kalinga phases, famous for its carved Torana archway.
3
Determine the era of Lingaraja Temple.
Built c. 11th century CE under Somavamshi patronage.
It exemplifies the fully developed, mature Kalinga temple complex with all four functional structures (Deula, Jagamohana, Nata-mandap, and Bhoga-mandap).
4
Determine the era of Konark Sun Temple.
Built c. mid-13th century CE by Eastern Ganga monarch King Narasimhadeva I.
It represents the zenith of state architectural heritage, designed as a massive stone chariot dedicated to the Sun God.

Anahtar Kavram

Chronological evolution of regional temple architecture and dynastic cultural heritage.
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State Society, Culture, and Heritage

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