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Zorluk: OrtaFundamental Rights, Directive Principles, and Fundamental Duties

With reference to the Indian Constitution, which of the following provisions were added to Part IV (Directive Principles of State Policy) or Part IVA (Fundamental Duties) by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976? Select all correct options.

  1. To secure opportunities for the healthy development of children (Article 39)Cevap
  2. To promote equal justice and to provide free legal aid to the poor (Article 39A)Cevap
  3. C
    To provide early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of six years (Article 45)
  4. To safeguard public property and to abjure violence (Article 51A(i))Cevap

Cevap

The provisions added by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976 are: securing opportunities for healthy development of children (Article 39), promoting equal justice and providing free legal aid to the poor (Article 39A), and safeguarding public property and abjuring violence (Article 51A).
The 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976 incorporated four new Directive Principles of State Policy: Article 39 (securing opportunities for the healthy development of children), Article 39A (equal justice and free legal aid), Article 43A (participation of workers in management of industries), and Article 48A (protection of environment and wildlife). Additionally, it added Part IVA (Article 51A) creating Fundamental Duties, which includes the duty to safeguard public property and abjure violence.

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1
Examine the Directive Principles of State Policy added by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976.
The 42nd Amendment added four new Directive Principles: Article 39 (opportunities for healthy development of children), Article 39A (equal justice and free legal aid), Article 43A (participation of workers in management of industries), and Article 48A (protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wildlife).
Determining which DPSPs were incorporated in 1976.
2
Examine the origin of Fundamental Duties under Part IVA.
The 42nd Amendment Act added Part IVA containing Article 51A upon the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee, introducing 10 Fundamental Duties, including the obligation to safeguard public property and abjure violence.
Determining the origin of constitutional provisions regarding duties.
3
Analyze the constitutional history of Article 45.
The provision regarding early childhood care for children until the age of six years was substituted under Article 45 by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002, which also introduced Article 21A as a Fundamental Right.
Identifying the correct constitutional amendment for Article 45.

Anahtar Kavram

Constitutional Amendments incorporating Directive Principles of State Policy and Fundamental Duties
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Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles, and Fundamental Duties

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