Soru

Read the passage given below carefully:

Urban centers in rapidly developing nations face severe administrative and ecological challenges due to rapidly declining groundwater tables and frequent flash floods caused by unregulated concrete expansion. Traditional centralized storm-water management relies heavily on capital-intensive engineering infrastructures, which are financially costly to maintain and often prove insufficient during extreme climate events. In response, environmental planners advocate for decentralized rainwater harvesting systems incorporated directly into civic architecture and residential complexes. Decentralized rainwater harvesting captures surface runoff directly at the source, significantly reducing strain on municipal drainage networks while simultaneously recharging depleted local aquifers. Furthermore, community-managed harvesting structures foster civic engagement and lower overall municipal water procurement costs. However, administrative critics caution that localized harvesting systems often suffer from inconsistent maintenance and a lack of standardized water quality monitoring, potentially posing health risks if untreated water enters domestic distribution. Despite these operational vulnerabilities, modern urban planning frameworks increasingly recognize that combining centralized infrastructure with community-level harvesting offers the most resilient defense against climate-induced water stress. Therefore, adopting a balanced, hybrid urban water policy is essential for ensuring long-term ecological resilience and financial sustainability.

Based on the passage provided above, which of the following statements correctly capture the main ideas and core thesis presented by the author?