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Zorluk: Çok zorAncient Indian Civilizations and Early Empires

Consider the following statements regarding the archaeological sites and distinct cultural features of the Harappan (Indus Valley) Civilization:

1. Dholavira, situated in Gujarat, is uniquely planned into three fortified administrative divisions—the Citadel, the Middle Town, and the Lower Town—and features a sophisticated water management system with rock-cut reservoirs.
2. Banawali, located in Haryana, contained a massive burnt-brick tidal dockyard directly connected to an ancient river estuary, serving as the central maritime trade port with Mesopotamia.
3. Kalibangan, situated in Rajasthan, has yielded archaeological evidence of a pre-Harappan and Harappan grid-pattern plowed field along with fire altars built on raised mud-brick platforms.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

  1. 1 and 3 onlyCevap
  2. B
    1 and 2 only
  3. C
    2 and 3 only
  4. D
    1, 2, and 3

Cevap

The correct evaluation is that statements 1 and 3 are correct, while statement 2 is incorrect.
Statements 1 and 3 describe verified historical and archaeological facts. Dholavira is renowned for its tripartite division and massive water storage reservoirs, while Kalibangan is well-documented for its pre-Harappan grid-plowed field and fire altars on platforms. Statement 2 falsely attributes Lothal's world-famous burnt-brick dockyard to Banawali.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze Statement 1 regarding Dholavira.
Statement 1 is correct. Dholavira in the Rann of Kutch (Gujarat) is famous for its unique three-part division (Citadel, Middle Town, Lower Town), unlike the typical two-part division of most Harappan cities. It also contained 16 large water reservoirs carved out of rock.
Verify urban settlement structure and hydraulic architecture of Dholavira.
2
Analyze Statement 2 regarding Banawali and maritime infrastructure.
Statement 2 is incorrect. The burnt-brick artificial dockyard connected to the Bhogavo river is the defining feature of Lothal in Gujarat, not Banawali. Banawali in Haryana is notable for high-quality barley seeds, a terracotta toy plow, and a lack of systematic drainage in certain phases.
Identify the actual archaeological site associated with Harappan maritime trade.
3
Analyze Statement 3 regarding Kalibangan.
Statement 3 is correct. Kalibangan in Hanumangarh district, Rajasthan, provided the earliest evidence of a plowed field showing a grid of furrows for double cropping, as well as series of fire altars (havan kundas) suggesting ritual purification ceremonies.
Verify agricultural and ritual findings at Kalibangan.
4
Synthesize the statement evaluations to select the correct option.
Only statements 1 and 3 are true, matching the option stating '1 and 3 only'.
Match validated statements to available option combinations.

Anahtar Kavram

Harappan Archaeological Site Distribution, Architectural Features, and Urban Planning
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Konular

Ancient Indian Civilizations and Early Empires

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