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Zorluk: OrtaBiodiversity Concepts, Hotspots and Endemism

Consider the following statements regarding species endemism and global biodiversity hotspots overlapping the Indian territory:

1. Neo-endemic species are evolutionary phylogenetically ancient species that were formerly widespread but are now restricted to narrow geographical refugia.
2. The Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot covers the entire plain of the Brahmaputra valley along with all low-lying agricultural floodplains of North-East India.
3. The Andaman Islands group falls under the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot, whereas the Nicobar Islands group forms part of the Sundaland hotspot.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. 3 onlyCevap
  2. B
    1 and 2 only
  3. C
    1 and 3 only
  4. D
    1, 2 and 3

Cevap

The correct option is the one stating that statement 3 only is correct.
The third statement is correct because the Andaman Islands fall biogeographically within the Indo-Burma hotspot, whereas the Nicobar Islands belong to the Sundaland hotspot. Statement 1 is false as it confuses palaeo-endemism with neo-endemism. Statement 2 is false because the Brahmaputra floodplain is excluded from the Indo-Burma hotspot bounds.

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1
Analyze Statement 1 regarding types of endemic species.
Statement 1 is incorrect.
Endemic species are broadly categorized into palaeo-endemics (ancient species formerly widespread, now confined to small refugia, e.g., Ginkgo biloba) and neo-endemics (recently evolved species via hybridization or polyploidy). Statement 1 incorrectly describes neo-endemics using the definition of palaeo-endemics.
2
Analyze Statement 2 regarding the spatial delineation of the Indo-Burma Hotspot in India.
Statement 2 is incorrect.
The Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot encompasses North-Eastern India south of the Brahmaputra River (and parts of Arunachal Pradesh), but excludes the fertile agricultural floodplains of the Brahmaputra Valley.
3
Analyze Statement 3 regarding the island territories of India.
Statement 3 is correct.
India's island archipelagos are split across two hotspots: the Andaman archipelago is part of the Indo-Burma hotspot, while the Nicobar archipelago forms part of the Sundaland hotspot.

Anahtar Kavram

Classification of Endemism and Biogeographical Limits of Indian Biodiversity Hotspots
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Konular

Biodiversity Concepts, Hotspots and Endemism

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