With reference to ecological diversity measurement concepts introduced by R.H. Whittaker and their relationship with spatial scale and endemism, consider the following statements:
1. Alpha diversity measures the species richness present within a specific, localized habitat or community.
2. Beta diversity quantifies the degree of species turnover or compositional change between different communities along an environmental gradient.
3. High beta diversity across a landscape typically indicates low habitat heterogeneity and low levels of regional endemism.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 1 and 2 onlyCevap
- B2 and 3 only
- C1 and 3 only
- D1, 2 and 3
Cevap
Statements 1 and 2 only are correct.
The correct response identifies that Statements 1 and 2 are true while Statement 3 is false. Alpha diversity assesses species richness in a uniform local environment, whereas beta diversity measures species compositional change across habitats. Elevated beta diversity is associated with high ecological heterogeneity and localized adaptation, which increases the likelihood of finding endemic species uniquely adapted to specific micro-niches.
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Whittaker's Biodiversity Indices (Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Diversity) and Endemism Dynamics
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