Development indicators have evolved over time to measure economic and social progress beyond traditional national income metrics. Arrange the following global development indicators in the correct chronological order of their introduction, from the earliest to the most recent.
- 1Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI)
- 2Human Development Index (HDI)
- 3Gender-Related Development Index (GDI)
- 4Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)
Cevap
The correct chronological sequence from earliest to most recent is: Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI) (1979), Human Development Index (HDI) (1990), Gender-Related Development Index (GDI) (1995), and Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) (2010).
The correct chronological sequence begins with the Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI), introduced in 1979 by Morris D. Morris using literacy, infant mortality, and life expectancy at age one. This was followed by the Human Development Index (HDI), launched in 1990 by Mahbub ul Haq and the UNDP. In 1995, the UNDP introduced the Gender-Related Development Index (GDI) to address gender disparities in human development. Finally, the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) was developed in 2010 by OPHI and the UNDP to measure acute poverty across health, education, and living standards.
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Anahtar Kavram
Chronological evolution of global development indicators