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Zorluk: ZorMedieval Indian Dynasties, Administration, and Regional Kingdoms

With reference to the land revenue administration and land classification during the reign of Akbar, consider the following statements:

1. Under the Dahsala system introduced by Raja Todar Mal, the state revenue demand was fixed at one-third of the average produce calculated from crop yield and price data of the preceding ten years.
2. Under the imperial classification of land, Parauti referred to land left uncultivated for three to four years, while Chachar denoted land kept out of cultivation for one to two years to recover fertility.
3. The Kankut system of assessment relied on a rough estimation of crop yield based on visual inspection of standing crops rather than detailed annual field measurement.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. 1 and 3 onlyCevap
  2. B
    1 only
  3. C
    2 and 3 only
  4. D
    1, 2 and 3

Cevap

Statements 1 and 3 are correct. Under Akbar's revenue administration, the Dahsala system (1580 CE) determined state demand as one-third of the average yield of the past ten years. Kankut was an estimation method based on visual appraisal of crops. Statement 2 is incorrect because Parauti was land left fallow for 1 to 2 years, whereas Chachar was land left uncultivated for 3 to 4 years.
The correct response identifies statements 1 and 3 as correct while rejecting statement 2. The Dahsala system instituted by Raja Todar Mal fixed state demand at one-third of average produce based on 10-year crop data. Kankut was indeed a crop-estimation method based on visual inspection. Statement 2 is false because Parauti meant land kept uncultivated for 1-2 years, whereas Chachar meant land left uncultivated for 3-4 years.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze Statement 1 regarding the Dahsala system
Statement 1 is verified as correct. Raja Todar Mal introduced the Dahsala system in 1580 CE where average produce and prices of the preceding 10 years (1570-1579 CE) were calculated, and the state share was fixed at one-third of the average yield.
To evaluate the foundational mechanism and state share of Akbar's flagship land revenue system.
2
Analyze Statement 2 regarding land classification terminology
Statement 2 is verified as incorrect. Mughal revenue administration categorized land into four types: Polaj (cultivated annually), Parauti (left fallow for 1-2 years), Chachar (left fallow for 3-4 years), and Banjar (uncultivated for 5 years or more). Statement 2 interchanges the definitions of Parauti and Chachar.
To ensure precise conceptual understanding of medieval agricultural land assessment categories.
3
Analyze Statement 3 regarding assessment methodologies (Zabti vs. Kankut)
Statement 3 is verified as correct. Kankut (also called Danabandi) was an old estimation system where the crop yield was appraised visually on standing crops or after cutting a sample area, distinct from Zabti which required actual land measurement (Paimaish).
To distinguish between measurement-based assessment and appraisal-based assessment in Mughal revenue practice.

Anahtar Kavram

Mughal Land Revenue Administration under Akbar: Dahsala System, Land Classifications (Polaj, Parauti, Chachar, Banjar), and Revenue Assessment Methods (Zabti, Kankut, Batai).
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Medieval Indian Dynasties, Administration, and Regional Kingdoms

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