Arrange the following procedural stages in the correct sequential order as mandated under Article 368 of the Constitution of India for the enactment of a Constitutional Amendment Bill that relates to federal provisions:
- 1Introduction of the Bill in either House of Parliament without requiring the prior permission or recommendation of the President.
- 2Passing of the Bill in each House of Parliament separately by a special majority (a majority of total membership and a two-thirds majority of members present and voting).
- 3Ratification of the Bill by the legislatures of not less than one-half of the States by resolutions passed by simple majority.
- 4Presentation of the Bill to the President of India, who is constitutionally bound to give assent under the 24th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1971.
Cevap
The correct chronological sequence for passing a federal constitutional amendment bill under Article 368 is: 1) Introduction in either House without prior presidential recommendation, 2) Passage in each House separately by a special majority, 3) Ratification by at least half of the State Legislatures by simple majority, and 4) Mandatory Presidential assent.
Under Article 368, the legislative path begins with introduction in either House without prior presidential consent, followed by separate passage in both Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha by special majority. For amendments affecting federal provisions, ratification by simple majority in at least 50% of State Legislatures must take place prior to presentation to the President. Finally, the President is constitutionally obligated to assent under Article 368(2).
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Anahtar Kavram
Procedure for Constitutional Amendment under Article 368 involving Federal Provisions