Below are four inflation concepts listed under Column-I and their economic descriptions under Column-II. Match each item in Column-I with its appropriate description in Column-II.
- Demand-Pull InflationPrice increases driven by aggregate demand exceeding the economy's overall supply capacity.
- Cost-Push InflationPrice increases resulting from supply disruptions and higher input costs like wages and raw materials.
- StagflationPersistent rise in price levels accompanied by economic stagnation and elevated unemployment.
- Suppressed InflationExcess demand pressures held back from open market price reflection due to administrative price controls and rationing.
Cevap
Demand-Pull Inflation matches with price increases driven by aggregate demand exceeding supply capacity; Cost-Push Inflation matches with price increases resulting from supply disruptions and higher input costs; Stagflation matches with persistent rise in price levels accompanied by economic stagnation and elevated unemployment; Suppressed Inflation matches with excess demand pressures held back from open market price reflection due to administrative price controls.
Demand-pull inflation occurs when aggregate demand outpaces aggregate supply. Cost-push inflation is driven by increased input costs reducing aggregate supply. Stagflation is the simultaneous presence of economic stagnation (low growth, high unemployment) and rising inflation. Suppressed inflation refers to underlying inflationary pressures that are prevented from showing in official indices due to government price ceiling enforcement or rationing.
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Anahtar Kavram
Types of Inflation and Price Control Mechanisms