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Zorluk: ZorRevolt of 1857, Peasant Struggles, and Tribal Uprisings

With reference to the Deccan Riots of 1875 in colonial India, consider the following statements:

1. The agrarian discontent was primarily targeted against Marwari and Gujarati moneylenders following the collapse of cotton prices after the end of the American Civil War under the Ryotwari revenue framework.
2. The initial phase of resistance manifested as an organized social boycott of moneylenders in the Pune district before developing into physical raids to seize and destroy debt bonds.
3. Based on the findings of the Deccan Riots Commission, the colonial government enacted the Deccan Agriculturists' Relief Act of 1879 to prevent the arrest and imprisonment of ryots for unpaid debt.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. A
    1 and 2 only
  2. B
    2 and 3 only
  3. C
    1 and 3 only
  4. 1, 2 and 3Cevap

Cevap

All three statements (1, 2, and 3) are correct.
The correct response includes all three statements because each accurately describes a distinct phase or aspect of the Deccan Riots of 1875. The movement arose from post-American Civil War economic distress under the Ryotwari system (Statement 1), began as an organized social boycott before targeting debt bonds (Statement 2), and resulted in the enactment of the Deccan Agriculturists' Relief Act of 1879 (Statement 3).

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1
Analyze Statement 1 regarding the economic causes and target group.
Statement 1 is correct. During the American Civil War (1861–1865), cotton demand boomed, leading to easy credit and high revenue assessments under the Ryotwari system. When the boom ended in 1865, cotton prices crashed while land revenue remained high, forcing ryots into heavy debt traps set by outsider Marwari and Gujarati moneylenders (sahukars).
Establishing the agrarian background and primary antagonists of the 1875 revolt.
2
Analyze Statement 2 regarding the progression and nature of the agitation.
Statement 2 is correct. In December 1874, ryots of Karde village in Sirur taluka (Pune district) initiated a systematic social boycott against local moneylenders, refusing to cultivate their land or serve them. By May 1875, this transformed into collective raids on moneylenders' houses to burn debt bonds, land deeds, and promissory notes.
Evaluating the tactical progression of the peasant resistance.
3
Analyze Statement 3 regarding the official response and legislative outcome.
Statement 3 is correct. Fearing a wider revolt similar to 1857, the colonial government established the Deccan Riots Commission in 1875. Its recommendations led directly to the enactment of the Deccan Agriculturists' Relief Act of 1879, which protected ryots against arrest and imprisonment for non-payment of debt and restricted land alienations.
Verifying the administrative and legal aftermath of the riots.

Anahtar Kavram

Deccan Riots (1875) causes, peasant tactics (social boycott and bond burning), and statutory outcome (Deccan Agriculturists' Relief Act of 1879).
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Konular

Revolt of 1857, Peasant Struggles, and Tribal Uprisings

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