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Zorluk: OrtaFundamental Rights, Directive Principles, and Fundamental Duties

With reference to the constitutional provisions governing environmental protection in India under Part IV (Directive Principles of State Policy) and Part IV-A (Fundamental Duties), which of the following statements are correct?

  1. Article 48A directs the State to endeavor to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country.Cevap
  2. B
    Article 51A(g) imposes a fundamental duty on citizens to protect the environment, which was part of the original text of the Constitution of India in 1950.
  3. Both Article 48A and Part IV-A containing Article 51A(g) were incorporated into the Constitution of India by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976.Cevap
  4. D
    Directive Principles under Article 48A are directly justiciable and enforceable by citizens through writ petitions in High Courts under Article 226.

Cevap

The statement declaring that Article 48A directs the State to protect and improve the environment, as well as the statement noting that both Article 48A and Article 51A(g) were added by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976, are correct.
Article 48A obligates the State to protect and improve the environment and safeguard forests and wildlife. Both Article 48A and Part IV-A (containing Article 51A(g)) were added together to the Constitution of India via the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Examine the origin and provision of Article 48A under Part IV (DPSPs).
Article 48A mandates the State to protect and improve the environment and safeguard forests and wildlife.
It was introduced into Part IV by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976.
2
Analyze the legal history and inclusion of Fundamental Duties under Part IV-A.
Part IV-A (Article 51A), which includes Article 51A(g) regarding environmental duty, was added by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976, and was not present in the original 1950 Constitution.
Fundamental Duties were added based on the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee.
3
Evaluate the judicial enforceability of Article 48A under Article 37.
Directive Principles are fundamentally non-justiciable and cannot be directly enforced by writ jurisdiction under Article 226.
Article 37 explicitly declares that Part IV provisions are not enforceable by any court.

Anahtar Kavram

Environmental Protection Provisions under Directive Principles (Article 48A) and Fundamental Duties (Article 51A(g))
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Konular

Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles, and Fundamental Duties

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